“…In many optical methods, the temperature of a fluid is measured from the phase difference in the light rays due to the change in the refractive index. Methods, such as Mach-Zehnder interferometry (MZI), 14,15 lateral shearing interferometry (LSI), 16,17 and holographic interferometry (HI), [18][19][20] have been applied. Owing to the highly accurate, nonintrusive, and full-field measurement, optical methods are preferred for flow visualization and heat transfer analyses.…”