Heat Transfer Theory and System Modelling

Bauer, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-19965-3_5

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency are usually used to evaluate the behavior of TPV systems, with the latter defined as the number of minority carriers contributing to the current divided by the total amount of photons absorbed in the cell. For the p-and n-regions, the charge collection efficiency (average spectral quantum efficiency) can be expressed as [56]…”

Section: Nf-tpv Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field thermophotovoltaic energy conversion analysis based on enhanced radiative absorption distribution

Li,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Near-field radiation has been widely shown to greatly boost the electrical power of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells. However, there is a lack of theoretical analysis exploring the important influences of near-field effects on radiative absorption distributions as well as TPV energy conversion performances. This work investigates the electrical performances of near-field TPV (NF-TPV) cells made of InGaSb coupled with different practical emitters such as plain tungsten (W), indium tin oxide (ITO) film, and alternate W and alumina multilayer in detail. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to systematically compare the impacts of evanescent wave tunneling, surface plasmon resonance, and hyperbolic modes on spatial distributions of radiative absorption and the profiles of local carrier concentrations. The detailed and accurate analysis reveals the crucial role of near-field radiation emitted by various emitters in charge collection efficiency, thermal photon flux penetration depth, and photocurrent generation. Thus, the results certify that the electric power could be enhanced by utilizing ITO and multilayer emitters instead of a plain W emitter. The efficiency for an ITO emitter increases with decreasing vacuum gap owing to the suppressed bulk recombination but decreases when the vacuum gap falls below 18 nm due to increased surface recombination. While the efficiency for a multilayer emitter is comparatively lower due to the larger sub-bandgap photons and inefficient n-region. Furthermore, we verify the strategies for performance improvement via decreasing the surface recombination and optimizing the p-region thickness. The underlying mechanism is interpreted based on the spatial distribution and the collection efficiency of minority carriers.

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Section: Nf-tpv Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field thermophotovoltaic energy conversion analysis based on enhanced radiative absorption distribution

Li,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…1 Comparison of solar spectra at Sun-Earth distance and blackbody spectra in semi-logarithmic scale reprinted with permission from Ref. [20] AM1.5: The used standard solar spectrum for terrestrial solar cells, it corresponds to a solar zenith angle of 48.2 . From the figure, the blackbody radiation increases from 1,000 to 2,000 K in 200 K steps (small values overlapping with solar spectra are not shown).…”

Section: Classical Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blackbody maximum values are given by Wien's displacement law, also shown (black). The AM1.5 solar spectrum (black) shows strong absorption bands, whereas the AM0 spectrum (black) closely matches a 5,800 K blackbody at Sun-Earth distance (gray) [20].One can see clearly that the blackbody maximum shifts toward higher wavelengths with its temperature according to Wien's displacement law. This law implies that a photovoltaic (PV) cell with a higher-energy bandgap corresponds to higher radiator temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This law implies that a photovoltaic (PV) cell with a higher-energy bandgap corresponds to higher radiator temperature. The bandgap for silicon solar cells is hu = 1.12 eV (which responds up to 1.11 mm) and matches to the maximum of a blackbody at 2,610 K [20,22]. The most important part of the solar spectrum ranges in the visible light from 0.38 to 0.76 mm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The most important part of the solar spectrum ranges in the visible light from 0.38 to 0.76 mm. It reaches its maximum at the wavelength of 4 mm [20].So, the selection criterion of a photovoltaic absorbant is first its energy gap around 1 eV. Many materials fit with this bandgap energy.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Nanomaterials in Solar Cells

Tala-Ighil

2015

Handbook of Nanoelectrochemistry

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Reducing cost and improving conversion efficiency are the main tasks in order to make photovoltaic energy competitive and able to substitute traditional fossil energies.Nanotechnology seems to be the way by which photovoltaics can be developed, whether in inorganic or organic solar cells. Wide-bandgap nanostructured materials (nanomaterials) prepared from II-VI and III-V elements are attracting an increased attention for their potential applications in emerging energy. They can be prepared in different geometric shapes, including nanowires (NWs), nanobelts, nanosprings, nanocombs, and nanopagodas. Variations in the atom arrangements in order to minimize the electrostatic energy originated from the ionic charge on the polar surface are responsible for a wide range of nanostructures.This book chapter will focus on contribution of nanomaterials in solar cell technology advancement. KeywordsNanomaterials; Solar cells; Organic; Inorganic; Nanopillars; Nanowires; Nanobelts; Nanorods; Photocarrier collection IntroductionSolar cells have known a big expansion these last years due to the voluntary move to cleaner energies like photovoltaics. Table 1 summarizes the chronological evolution of photovoltaic cells with their main characteristics. After solid-state physics has shown its limits by reaching the maximum possible conversion efficiency for silicon, CdTe, and CuInSe 2, the highest conversion efficiency was obtained for triple-junction compound InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs solar cell with 37.9 % [6]. Chemistry seems to be another way by which an increase of the solar cell conversion efficiency is possible. Nanomaterials made by chemical ways present high opportunity in efficiency enhancement by increasing light trapping and photocarrier collection without additional cost in solar cell fabrication.The physical and chemical properties change from the bulk material to the nanomaterial. As an example, the melting point is lowest for the nanomaterial compared to its bulk one. This can be due to the high surface-to-volume ratio of atoms in a nanoparticle [7].The main nanomaterial physical property is the large surface-to-volume ratio [6] due to different forms created; nanowires [8,9], nanopillars [10,11], nanocones [12], quantum dots [13].It has been shown that light trapping is due to the increase of the photon path inside nanostructures [14][15][16] which enhance the electron-hole pair creation probability. Quantum dots (QDs) have the particularity to have a size-dependent bandgap [13,17,18] so it can be adjusted to fit the maximum solar spectrum. Classical Solar CellsBefore introducing the added value of nanomaterials in solar cells, a brief comeback should be presented to understand the work mechanism of solar cells.A solar cell is an electronic device, a P/N junction in its basic form, which has the ability to convert sunlight into electricity. This phenomenon was discovered by Edmond Becquerel in 1839 and is called the photovoltaic effect [19].Not all materials can be solar cell components. Because the main feature sho...

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A Highly Efficient, Selective, and Thermally Stable Dielectric Multilayer Emitter for Solar Thermophotovoltaics

Caldarelli,

De Luca,

Lee

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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This paper presents the design, optimization, fabrication, and characterization of a highly‐efficient Selective Emitter (SE) for solar thermophotovoltaic systems. An SE consisting of three layers (SiNx ‐ SiO2 ‐ TiO2) deposited on a tungsten substrate is optimized for use with PV cells based on III‐V semiconductors, such as GaSb, InGaAs, and InGaAsSb. The fabricated SE shows an emitter efficiency (ηSE) of 50% when coupled with a PV cell having an energy bandgap of 0.63 eV. After a thermal treatment carried out at 1000∘C for 8 hours in a vacuum environment, an ηSE of 46% is recorded, demonstrating the thermal stability of the proposed SE. Its behavior at high temperatures has also been studied using simulations based on the transfer matrix method and on refractive indices experimentally measured at different temperatures (up to 1000∘C). The results show an ηSE of 44% in the energy bandgap range of 0.55 to 0.63 eV, proving that the proposed structure is promising and can operate at high temperatures. In addition, the behavior of a real PV cell has been simulated, and calculations show a maximum PV cell efficiency of 15% at 1000∘C and 25% at 1600∘C, exceeding the Shockley‐Queisser limit.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Heat Transfer Theory and System Modelling

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Near-field thermophotovoltaic energy conversion analysis based on enhanced radiative absorption distribution

Near-field thermophotovoltaic energy conversion analysis based on enhanced radiative absorption distribution

Nanomaterials in Solar Cells

A Highly Efficient, Selective, and Thermally Stable Dielectric Multilayer Emitter for Solar Thermophotovoltaics

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