Heat-Treated PtCo<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Schulenburg, H.; Müller, E.; Khelashvili, Guram; Röser, Tobias; Bönnemann, Helmut; Wokaun, Alexander; Scherer, Günther G.

doi:10.1021/jp808134j

Cited by 98 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the ca. 3 enhancement is comparable to recent work by Schulenburg et al, who studied catalysts of nominal PtCo 3 composition [20]. The mass orr activity and ECSA values of the Pt 5.75 Cu 6.75 /C catalyst made in this work are 2.5 and 2.1 times, respectively lower than for the best performing de-alloyed Pt-Cu/C catalyst made by Strasser's group [31].…”

Section: The Orr Reactionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…[20]. The weight of Pt on the corresponding RDEs was calculated using the volume of catalyst ink pipetted onto the RDE and assuming that the amount of Pt per ml ethanol equals the Pt concentration in the ink.…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry (Cv) and Electrochemical Surface Area (Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure of the Pt-alloy catalysts likely also influences the orr activity. Ordered catalysts have been reported to show improved activities [12,20]. Other results report high activities for so-called surface strained catalysts produced by electrochemical de-alloying [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts

Chen

Bock

Mercier

et al. 2012

Electrochimica Acta

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.electacta.2012.05.103 Electrochimica Acta, 77, pp. 212-224, 2012-06-09 Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts Chen, L.; Bock, C.; Mercier, P. H. J.; Macdougall, B. R. alloy structure. The activity towards the orr was measured after 70 potential cycling, which can cause beneficial changes to the catalysts. In case of the specific orr activity, a dependence on the catalyst series is observed as follows:

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Section: The Orr Reactionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Cyclic Voltammetry (Cv) and Electrochemical Surface Area (Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts

Chen

Bock

Mercier

et al. 2012

Electrochimica Acta

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“…10 nm) with broad size distribution. It has been also recognized that high-temperature treatment makes Pt-based particles stable, 23,26,34 and the agglomeration of large particles tends to be mitigated due to the low surface energy. 35 Hence, the effect of crystal structure, without any influence of particle size or heat-treatment, is still not clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction Activity and Durability of Ordered and Disordered Pt₃Co Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts at Practical Temperatures of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Yano¹,

Arima²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We have succeeded in preparing ordered-and disordered-Pt 3 Co nanoparticles supported on carbon black (CB), with the nearly identical particle size distribution, by the nanocapsule method with heat-treatment at high temperatures. The temperature dependences of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities at two kinds of Pt 3 Co/CB catalysts were examined in O 2 -saturated 0.1 M HClO 4 solution by the multi-channel flow double electrode (M-CFDE) technique. For the ordered-Pt 3 Co/CB, the apparent rate constant k app (per unit active area) for the ORR increased with elevation of the temperature up to 65 • C and stabilized at nearly the same value as that for commercial c-Pt/CB at 80 • C, due to a severe dealloying of the Co component in the hot acid solution. In contrast, the k app values at the disordered-Pt 3 Co/CB were higher than those of the ordered-Pt 3 Co/CB over the whole temperature range from 30 • C to 80 • C. The disordered-Pt 3 Co/CB also exhibited higher stability than the ordered-Pt 3 Co/CB for both an accelerated durability test (ADT, by standard potential step cycles between 0.6 V and 1. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is anticipated to be one of the most promising, clean, and energy-efficient power sources for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and stationary cogeneration systems (FCCGs). In 2014, a strategic roadmap for hydrogen and fuel cells was formulated by the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) of Japan and was revised in 2016.1 For the large scale commercialization of both FCVs and FC-CGs in its Phase 1, it is necessary to reduce the system cost while maintaining the performance and durability. At the present stage, however, the use of substantial amounts of costly Pt cathode catalysts supported on carbon (Pt/C) is unavoidable to decrease the large overpotential for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Hence, the development of the cathode catalysts having both high activity for the ORR and high durability is quite important. To improve the ORR activity, Pt-based catalysts alloyed with non-precious metal such as Fe, 2-6 Co, 2,4,7-11 and Ni, 2-13 have been investigated intensively. For nano-sized Pt-M alloy catalysts (Pt-M/C), the kinetically-controlled area-specific activity j k for the ORR was enhanced by ca. 2∼7 times compared to that of pure Pt. The enhancement factor has been found to depend on various properties of alloy nanoparticles, e.g., composition, 4,14-16 shape (or size), 17-21 and crystal structure. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] For example, the values of j k for Pt-Co alloys showed a maximum at the atomic ratio of Pt/Co = 3. 4,5,14 It has been reported that the electronic structure of the Pt skin layer formed on Pt-M alloys could change with the composition of the underlying alloy, reaching a maximum at the optimum alloy composition or alloying metal species M. 24,[30][31][32] Because the surface is not perfectly covered with uniform Pt skin layer, j k often decreases appreciably by dealloying of M during the operation of PEFCs or electrochemical measurements...

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“…To date, Pt and Pt based catalysts are the most widely used catalysts in fuel cell anode for small organic molecules electro-oxidation. 1 However, the commercial application of fuel cells is limited by the high cost and low stability of traditional Pt catalysts. 2 Hence, it is important to develop new catalysts with low cost and high electrochemical activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Nanoporous Pd/CuO by Dealloying and Their Electrocatalysis for Methanol in Alkaline Condition

Zhu

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A novel and simple approach for fabrication of nanoporous Pd/CuO catalysts is reported. The nanoporous Pd/CuO catalysts were successfully prepared by chemical dealloying Ti-Cu-Pd amorphous alloy in a 1.25 M HCl solution. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tests homogeneous nanoporous structures are formed. The Pd: CuO ratio of the catalysts could be controled by adjusting the original composition of the alloy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to measure the electrocatalytic activities of the Pd/CuO catalysts. It was found that the catalytic activity was improved firstly and then depressed by increasing Pd content within both EASA and methanol electro-oxidation region. The catalyst prepared by Ti 30 Cu 60 Pd 10 ribbon showed the best catalytic activity due to appropriate Pd: CuO ratio. The peak current densities in the CV curves were increased with the increase of the methanol concentration, and the catalysts maintained good electrocatalytic activities in the solution with high methanol concentration (4 M). In addition, the charge transfer resistance tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) decreases with the increase of CuO content, this indicates Pd : CuO ratio plays very important role in the electro-catalytic process and confirms the bifuntional mechanism of CuO. Small organic molecules have attracted intense attention as promising applications in fuel cell field. To date, Pt and Pt based catalysts are the most widely used catalysts in fuel cell anode for small organic molecules electro-oxidation.1 However, the commercial application of fuel cells is limited by the high cost and low stability of traditional Pt catalysts.2 Hence, it is important to develop new catalysts with low cost and high electrochemical activities. Pd is the most Pt-like material, and compared with Pt, Pd is less expensive. Moreover, Pd catalysts exhibit higher electro-catalytic perfromence and better CO resistance than Pt. However, the bulk Pd cannot meet the requirement of commercial application due to its relatively low catalytic activity.Adding auxiliary materials is a traditional way to enhance the catalytic activity of Pd. The foreign metal can improve the catalytic activity via electronic effect, such as Ni, 2 Co, 3 Fe 4,5 and Ru. 6 Moreover, noble metal catalysts usually suffer from catalysts poison induced by CO adsorption during the catalysis process. The oxygen-containing groups generate on transition metal oxides (such as CuO,7 TiO 2 8 and WO 3 ) 9 can effectively remove CO, therefore the transition metal oxides is another common species of auxiliary materials.In order to maximize the utilization of Pd, it is necessary to synthetize catalysts with high specific surface area. Nanoporous materials have been drawn much attention for their wide applications such as sensing, 10 catalysis 11,12 and fuel cells 2,4,13 due to their large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivities and high stability. Many efforts have been devoted to...

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Heat-Treated PtCo₃ Nanoparticles as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts

Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts

Oxygen Reduction Activity and Durability of Ordered and Disordered Pt₃Co Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts at Practical Temperatures of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Preparation of Nanoporous Pd/CuO by Dealloying and Their Electrocatalysis for Methanol in Alkaline Condition

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Heat-Treated PtCo3 Nanoparticles as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts

Ordered alloy formation for Pt3Fe/C, PtFe/C and Pt5.75Fe5.75Cuy/CO2-reduction electro-catalysts

Oxygen Reduction Activity and Durability of Ordered and Disordered Pt3Co Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts at Practical Temperatures of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Preparation of Nanoporous Pd/CuO by Dealloying and Their Electrocatalysis for Methanol in Alkaline Condition

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Heat-Treated PtCo₃ Nanoparticles as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Oxygen Reduction Activity and Durability of Ordered and Disordered Pt₃Co Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts at Practical Temperatures of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells