Heat treatment effects on Inconel 625 components fabricated by wire + arc additively manufacturing (WAAM)—part 2: mechanical properties

Tanvir, A. N. M.; Ahsan, Md. R. U.; Seo, Gi-Jeong; Kim, Jae-duk; Ji, Changwook; Bates, B.; Lee, Yousub; Kim, Duck Bong

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-05980-w

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The second phase in the form of NbC and TiN, which can appear during the deposition of Inconel 625, occurred in the bottom and middle of the specimen, in addition to the Laves phase (Ni 2 Nb). The second phase [ 38,39 ] that deteriorates toughness, fatigue strength, creep strength, and corrosion properties are concentrated at the top of the specimen because the process always tends to maintain the molten metal in a liquid state. Further, the components of the second phase, such as Ni and Nb with a low density, are suspended by the convection, surface tension, and buoyancy forces of the molten metal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Throughput Metal 3D Printing Pen Enabled by a Continuous Molten Droplet Transfer

et al. 2022

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In metal additive manufacturing (AM), arc plasma is attracting attention as an alternative heat source to expensive lasers to enable the use of various metal wire materials with a high deposition efficiency. However, the stepwise material deposition and resulting limited number of degrees of freedom limit their potential for high-throughput and large-scale production for industrial applications. Herein, a high-throughput metal 3D printing pen (M3DPen) strategy is proposed based on an arc plasma heat source by harnessing the surface tension of the molten metal for enabling continuous material deposition without a downward flow by gravity. The proposed approach differs from conventional arc-based metal AM in that it controls the solidification and cooling time between interlayers of a point-by-point deposition path, thereby allowing for continuous metal 3D printing of freestanding and overhanging structures at once. The resulting mechanical properties and unique microstructures by continuous metal deposition that occur due to the difference in the thermal conditions of the molten metal under cooling are also investigated. This technology can be applied to a wide range of alloy systems and industrial manufacturing, thereby providing new possibilities for metal 3D printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Throughput Metal 3D Printing Pen Enabled by a Continuous Molten Droplet Transfer

et al. 2022

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“…Automotive [11], Marine [115], Tools and molds [116] Nickel alloy [75] [ 117] [102,118] Inconel 718 [119], Inconel 625 [120] Aerospace [121], corrosion resistance [122], high temperature [123] Refractories [124] Tungsten [49], Molybdenum [124], Tantalum [124] Nuclear , Heat exchanger [124] Other CuSi3 [125], Bronze [126], Invar [116], Shape memory alloy [127] In summary, it has been observed that, in most of the research, a straight wall has been fabricated using WAAM and samples have been taken out from it to carry out the microstructural analysis and mechanical tests to determine its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, toughness, etc.…”

Section: Dissimilar Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review and Research Directions

Raut

Taiwade

2021

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Over the past years, the demand for the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is potentially increased, and it has become a promising alternative to subtractive manufacturing. Research reported that the wire arc additively manufactured (WAAMed) materialÕs mechanical properties are comparable to wrought or cast material. In comparison with other fusion sources, WAAM offers a significant cost saving and a higher deposition rate. However, there are significant challenges associated with WAAM such as undesirable microstructures and mechanical properties, high residual stresses, and distortion. Thus, more research is still needed to handle the above challenges by optimizing the process parameters and post-deposition heat treatment. In line with the above, this paper attempts to fill the gap by presenting a comprehensive review of WAAM literature including stagewise development of WAAM, metals and alloys used, effects of process parameters, methodologies used by various researchers to improve the quality of WAAM component. Besides, this work proposes the areas that could be used as avenues for future research.

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“…The metal wire feedstock used in WAAM is often less expensive than metallic powder and is easier to change for a different alloy without the need for extensive cleaning. Material loss in WAAM is also much reduced compared to powder bed which can be as much as 25 % [7]. Powder-bed does however have some advantages over WAAM, which includes the ability to create more intricate and complex lattice structures and net shape parts, whereas WAAM is a near net shape process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Process Mechanical Working of Additive Manufactured Rene 41

James

Ganguly

Pardal

2022

2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference

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In developing the wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process for creep resistant alloys for defence applications, structures were built from nickel-based superalloy Rene 41 (RE41). The performance of the additive manufactured alloy was analysed for applications including components used in high-speed flight environments, where external structures could reach service temperatures of up to 1000 K. As a single use system with relatively short flight times of < 1 hour, components will be highly stressed to minimise structural mass. In this paper, three wall structures were deposited using a plasma transferred arc process, in a layer-by-layer manner where each layer was mechanically worked by machine hammer peening directly after deposition. With a constant impact frequency, three different travel speeds for the peening tool were used for each wall structure. To understand the most effective cold working parameters, samples were tested and analysed for their mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics after aging treatment. Samples were tested at room temperature and compared with results of both non-worked heat-treated AM material and wrought data obtained from literature review. Heat-treated only material showed a typical dendritic structure with large columnar grains, and peened material showed a significantly different grain structure. No noticeable difference was observed in the formed phases between the two conditions. Mechanical testing showed promising results with a significant improvement over the non-worked strength. Intermediate and slow peening speeds were very effective, achieving UTS and YS results close to that of the wrought alloy, with a similar increase in the elastic modulus compared to non-worked material. However, faster peening speeds were less effective at returning the material to wrought strength.

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Heat treatment effects on Inconel 625 components fabricated by wire + arc additively manufacturing (WAAM)—part 2: mechanical properties

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

High‐Throughput Metal 3D Printing Pen Enabled by a Continuous Molten Droplet Transfer

High‐Throughput Metal 3D Printing Pen Enabled by a Continuous Molten Droplet Transfer

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review and Research Directions

In-Process Mechanical Working of Additive Manufactured Rene 41

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