Heat treatment of investment cast PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel: Part I. Mechanical properties and microstructure

Hochanadel, Patrick W; Edwards, G.R.; Robino, C. V.; Cieslak, M.J.

doi:10.1007/bf02665455

Cited by 87 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Hochanadel et al observed M 23 C 6 in a cast PH13-8 grade of H1150M 19) treatment. 20) The M 23 C 6 particle observed is about 70 nm. No analysis on their distribution was carried out presumably due to its low number density.…”

Section: Relationships Among Heat Treatment Micro-mentioning

confidence: 93%

Improving Toughness of PH13-8 Stainless Steel through Intercritical Annealing

et al. 2003

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An intercritical annealing step was introduced in the treatment of a PH13-8 stainless steel to improve the toughness of the alloy in aged condition. Four different treatment cycles, i.e. austenitisation (Q-treatment) and intercritical anneal (L-treatment), LQ, 2B (QLQL) and 2K (LQLQ) were carried out before aging treatment at 510°C for 4 h (the commercial H950 treatment). Optical and scanning electron microscopies, and Xray diffraction analysis were employed to study the microstructures of the alloys after different heat treatments. Hardness and Charpy impact strength of the samples were measured.Results show that significant grain refinement was observed after 2K and 2B treatment, but not after QL and LQ treatments. Such refinement of prior austenite grain did not lead to significant increase of hardness either before or after ageing. The Charpy impact strength of the alloy in aged condition was improved after the four pre-ageing treatments. The formation of a 'dual-phase' martensitic structure through intercritical annealing is thought to make the main contribution to the better toughness obtained, with beneficial effects also from grain refinement. All the four treatments offer better combined properties than the commercial treatment, whereas QL and LQ treatments may be cost-competitive. Relationships among heat treatment, microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed.KEY WORDS: stainless steel; toughness; grain refinement; intercritical annealing; heat treatment.Such grain refinement increased the strength of the alloy at room temperature, and a significant increase in ultimate tensile strength was observed at elevated temperatures. Recently Guo et al. reported that introducing an intercritical annealing step before the solution treatment of AerMet 100 (Fe-13.4Co-11.1Ni-3.1Cr-1.2Mo-0.23C in wt%), a high strength lath martensitic steel, may result in fine effective grain size.11) It should be noted that when maraging steels, i.e., martensitic precipitation hardening steels were studied, [7][8][9][10] attempts on grain refinement was through rapid austenitisation procedures, whereas studies on other alloys employed intercritical annealing in their thermal treatments. [2][3][4][5][6]11) In the latter cases, even when tempering treatments were included, 3,4) the purpose was to introduce thermally stable austenite but not to achieve precipitation hardening. The grain size was retained through the tempering step.3,4) It is not yet clear how the introduction of intercritical annealing will affect the precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties of precipitation hardening steels.The aim of the current research was to refine the grain size of PH13-8 stainless steel through the introduction of intercritical annealing treatment. The influence of thermal treatment on grain size, mechanical properties of the alloy before and after ageing, and precipitation kinetics was studied. The relationships among heat treatment, microstructure, and mechanical properties are also discussed. Experimental Procedures Alloy ...

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Section: Relationships Among Heat Treatment Micro-mentioning

confidence: 93%

Improving Toughness of PH13-8 Stainless Steel through Intercritical Annealing

et al. 2003

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“…In these studies the main focus has been on the evolution of precipitation in the different steel grades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. It has been shown that PH13-8Mo maraging steels, containing Ni and Al as age hardeners, are strengthened by the formation of an ordered b 0 -NiAl phase with a B2 (CsCl) superlattice structure [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitate modification in PH13-8 Mo type maraging steel

et al. 2011

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“…The microstructure is predominately tempered martensite that is precipitation-hardened via rod-shaped, nanoscale (10-50 nm) hexagonal phase (Ni 3 Ti; η-phase). [73][74][75][76][77] Further details of the microstructure are reported in a companion study 13 that investigated the same lot of material. Fracture mechanics testing is performed on freelyrotating single edge notch (SEN) specimens with a rectangular-reduced gauge section with a width of 10.16 ± 0.13 mm, a thickness of 2.67 ± 0.05 mm, and a length of 35 ± 0.50 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking in a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel

2017

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Fracture mechanics-based testing was used to quantify the stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel (Custom 465-H950) in full immersion chloride-containing environments at two applied electrochemical potentials. A plateau in the cycle-based crack-growth kinetics (da/dN) was observed during fatigue loading at low ΔK and [Cl − ] at and above 0.6 M. Evaluation of the fracture morphology and frequency dependence of this plateau behavior revealed an intergranular fracture surface morphology and constant time-dependent growth rates. These data strongly support a controlling stress-corrosion cracking mechanism occurring well below the established K ISCC for quasi-static loading. Low-amplitude cyclic loading below ΔK TH (i.e., "ripple loads") is hypothesized to enable time-dependent intergranular-stress-corrosion cracking to occur below the K ISCC via mechanical rupturing of the crack-tip film and enhancement of the H embrittlement-based SCC mechanism.

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Heat treatment of investment cast PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel: Part I. Mechanical properties and microstructure

Cited by 87 publications

References 7 publications

Improving Toughness of PH13-8 Stainless Steel through Intercritical Annealing

Improving Toughness of PH13-8 Stainless Steel through Intercritical Annealing

Precipitate modification in PH13-8 Mo type maraging steel

The interaction of corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking in a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel

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