Heat treatment prior to testing allows detection of antigen of Dirofilaria immitis in feline serum

Little, Susan E.; Raymond, Melissa R; Thomas, Jennifer E.; Gruntmeir, Jeff; Hostetler, Joe; Meinkoth, James H.; Blagburn, Byron L.

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-1

Cited by 381 publications

(425 citation statements)

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“…If codon usage bias is only caused by mutation pressure, AU or GC should be used equally among the degenerate codon groups in a gene28. Meanwhile, natural selection for codon selection would not necessarily cause proportional use of G and C (A and U)2930. The four-codon amino acids are alanine, glycine, proline, threonine, valine, arginine (CGA, CGU, CGG and CGC), leucine (CUA, CUU, CUG and CUC) and serine (UCA, UCU, UCG and UCC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of codon usage patterns in Ginkgo biloba reveals codon usage tendency from A/U-ending to G/C-ending

Huang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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As one of the most ancient tree species, the codon usage pattern analysis of Ginkgo biloba is a useful way to understand its evolutionary and genetic mechanisms. Several studies have been conducted on angiosperms, but seldom on gymnosperms. Based on RNA-Seq data of the G. biloba transcriptome, amount to 17,579 unigenes longer than 300 bp were selected and analyzed from 68,547 candidates. The codon usage pattern tended towards more frequently use of A/U-ending codons, which showed an obvious gradient progressing from gymnosperms to dicots to monocots. Meanwhile, analysis of high/low-expression unigenes revealed that high-expression unigenes tended to use G/C-ending codons together with more codon usage bias. Variation of unigenes with different functions suggested that unigenes involving in environment adaptation use G/C-ending codons more frequently with more usage bias, and these results were consistent with the conclusion that the formation of G. biloba codon usage bias was dominated by natural selection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of codon usage patterns in Ginkgo biloba reveals codon usage tendency from A/U-ending to G/C-ending

Huang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Two pairs of primers were designed that were in accordance to GenBank records of nuclear sequences of the 18S rRNA gene (18S-F and 18S-R) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS2 (ITS2-F and ITS2-R) depending on previous publications in consequence to this subject [49,50], with predicted products sizes 780 and 1200-1600 bp, respectively (Table-1). Moreover, three pairs of primers were utilized that were complementary to fragments in three different mitochondrial DNA markers (Table-1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the molecular characterization for taxonomic identification and phylogenetic purposes of ticks has been indispensable by DNA markers, including nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1 [CO1]) genes and nuclear regulatory non-translated stretches (second internal transcribed spacer [ITS2]) [44,47-50]. The 18S rRNA is best used for genera level identification [51] while the 16S rRNA, CO1, and ITS2 are the most useful markers for ticks taxonomy at species level [39,44,47-50,52-56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and molecular identification of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) vectors of Rickettsioses in Egypt

Abdullah¹,

El-Molla²,

Salib³

et al. 2016

Vet World

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Aim:Rickettsioses have an epidemiological importance that includes pathogens, vectors, and hosts. The dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii play important roles as vectors and reservoirs of Rickettsiae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Rickettsiae in ixodid ticks species infesting dogs and camels in Egypt, in addition to, the morphological and molecular identification of R. sanguineus and H. dromedarii.Materials and Methods:A total of 601 and 104 of ticks’ specimens were collected from dogs and camels, respectively, in Cairo, Giza and Sinai provinces. Hemolymph staining technique and OmpA and gltA genes amplification were performed to estimate the prevalence rate of Rickettsiae in ticks. For morphological identification of tick species, light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. In addition to the phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA, Second internal transcript spacer, 12S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1, and 16S rDNA were performed for molecular identification of two tick species.Results:The prevalence rate of Rickettsiae in ticks was 11.6% using hemolymph staining technique and 6.17% by OmpA and gltA genes amplification. Morphological identification revealed that 100% of dogs were infested by R. sanguineus while 91.9% of camels had been infested by H. dromedarii. The phylogenetic analyses of five DNA markers confirmed morphological identification by LM and SEM. The two tick species sequences analyses proved 96-100% sequences identities when compared with the reference data in Genbank records.Conclusion:The present studies confirm the suitability of mitochondrial DNA markers for reliable identification of ticks at both intra- and inter-species level over the nuclear ones. In addition to, the detection of Rickettsiae in both ticks’ species and establishment of the phylogenetic status of R. sanguineus and H. dromedarii would be useful in understanding the epidemiology of ticks and tick borne rickettsioses in Egypt.

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“…Broad tissue-type sampling can be easily conducted for groups of identically-treated animals, although in practice most animal studies concentrate on a limited set of tissues. Real-time imaging methods have also been developed that allow serial analysis of T. cruzi infections in individual mice [26-29]. These methods employ transgenic parasites expressing luciferases or fluorescent proteins, such that light signals emitted by parasites can be quantified and pinpointed to anatomical locations.…”

Section: Measuring Parasite Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Infection Dynamics at the Heart of Chagas Disease

Lewis

Kelly

2016

Trends in Parasitology

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In chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections, parasite burden is controlled by effective, but non-sterilising immune responses. Infected cells are difficult to detect because they are scarce and focally distributed in multiple sites. However, advances in detection technologies have established a link between parasite persistence and the pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease. Long-term persistence likely involves episodic reinvasion as well as continuous infection, to an extent that varies between tissues. The primary reservoir sites in humans are not definitively known, but analysis of murine models has identified the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we highlight that quantitative, spatial and temporal aspects of T. cruzi infection are central to a fuller understanding of the association between persistence, pathogenesis and immunity, and for optimising treatment.

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Heat treatment prior to testing allows detection of antigen of Dirofilaria immitis in feline serum

Cited by 381 publications

References 10 publications

Analysis of codon usage patterns in Ginkgo biloba reveals codon usage tendency from A/U-ending to G/C-ending

Analysis of codon usage patterns in Ginkgo biloba reveals codon usage tendency from A/U-ending to G/C-ending

Morphological and molecular identification of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) vectors of Rickettsioses in Egypt

Putting Infection Dynamics at the Heart of Chagas Disease

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