Heat Treatments for Stress Relieving AlSi9Cu3 Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Fiocchi, Jacopo; Colombo, Chiara; Vergani, L.; Fabrizi, Alberto; Timelli, Giulio; Tuissi, A.; Biffi, Carlo Alberto

doi:10.3390/ma14154184

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…First, to improve the characteristics of LPBF aluminum alloys, typical thermal treatments (such as T6) were modified in terms of temperature and duration (e.g., T6). Secondly, annealing treatments at various temperatures were investigated to comprehend the caused phase transitions [235]. As a result, direct aging (T5) and customized annealing procedures were created, taking into account the LPBF Al-Si alloys' unique microstructures.…”

Section: Heat Treatment Of Laser-based Additively Manufactured Al Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in the Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys through Laser-Based Approach

et al. 2022

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Complex structures can now be manufactured easily utilizing AM technologies to meet the pre-requisite objectives such as reduced part numbers, greater functionality, and lightweight, among others. Polymers, metals, and ceramics are the few materials that can be used in AM technology, but metallic materials (Magnesium and Aluminum) are attracting more attention from the research and industrial point of view. Understanding the role processing parameters of laser-based additive manufacturing is critical to maximize the usage of material in forming the product geometry. LPBF (Laser powder-based fusion) method is regarded as a potent and effective additive manufacturing technique for creating intricate 3D forms/parts with high levels of precision and reproducibility together with acceptable metallurgical characteristics. While dealing with LBPF, some degree of porosity is acceptable because it is unavoidable; hot ripping and cracking must be avoided, though. The necessary manufacturing of pre-alloyed powder and ductility remains to be the primary concern while dealing with a laser-based additive manufacturing approach. The presence of the Al-Si eutectic phase in AlSi10Mg and AlSi12 alloy attributing to excellent castability and low shrinkage, attaining the most attention in the laser-based approach. Related studies with these alloys along with precipitation hardening and heat treatment processing were discussed. The Pure Mg, Mg-Al alloy, Mg-RE alloy, and Mg-Zn alloy along with the mechanical characteristics, electrochemical durability, and biocompatibility of Mg-based material have been elaborated in the work-study. The review article also summarizes the processing parameters of the additive manufacturing powder-based approach relating to different Mg-based alloys. For future aspects, the optimization of processing parameters, composition of the alloy, and quality of powder material used will significantly improve the ductility of additively manufactured Mg alloy by the LPBF approach. Other than that, the recycling of Mg-alloy powder hasn’t been investigated yet. Meanwhile, the post-processing approach, including a homogeneous coating on the porous scaffolds, will mark the suitability in terms of future advancements in Mg and Al-based alloys.

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Section: Heat Treatment Of Laser-based Additively Manufactured Al Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in the Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys through Laser-Based Approach

et al. 2022

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“…How to regulate residual stress has become the focus of many scholars. Over the years, a large number of regulation methods have been studied, the commonly used regulation methods mainly include heat treatment method [30,31], vibration aging method [32,33], pulse method [34], ultrasonic impact method [35,36] and so on. Among them, the heat treatment method has obvious effect and a wide range of use, which is mainly used for the whole part and is not conducive to local regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic stress detection and regulation in the whole machining process of thin-walled part

Jia,

Lu,

Song

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Thin-walled aerospace parts have the characteristics of large size, thin wall thickness and complex shape, etc. In the process of machining, poor rigidity and high material removal rate are easy to cause machining deformation due to uneven distribution of residual stress, and conventional detection methods and regulation means can not meet the needs of on-site production. In order to solve these problems, an effective method of ultrasonic nondestructive in-situ stress detection and ultrasonic stress regulation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the ultrasonic residual stress detection and ultrasonic stress regulation are analyzed theoretically, and their working principles are explained, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent use of the equipment. Then, according to the deformable sections of large thin-walled parts in the production site, the typical characteristics are extracted to complete the design of the experimental part, and the residual stress detection and regulation of the whole machining process are studied. Finally, through two groups of comparison experiments, the changes of residual stress values in different depth ranges of parts and the changes of the flatness of the final parts are analyzed. The results show that the ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave (LCR wave) method can be used to detect the residual stress of thin-walled parts in different depth ranges, and the ultrasonic stress regulation method can reduce and homogenize the stress of thin-walled parts, and the machining deformation and conformal ability of the parts are significantly improved after the stress regulation.

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“…Therefore, many scholars have studied the reduction in residual stresses in various types of mechanical components. The commonly used methods to eliminate residual stresses include stress relief heat treatment [25], vibration time effect method [26,27], ultrasonic impact method [28], pulse magnetization method [29,30], etc. However, these methods have limitations while removing stress, such as high energy consumption, a long cycle of stress relief heat treatment, it difficulty in controlling the deformation of components after stress relief.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Residual Stress and Deformation Control of TC4 Thin-Walled Outer Ring Components by Ultrasonic Regulation

Song

Pan

et al. 2022

Machines

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The deformation problem caused by the excessive residual stress has brought great challenges to the high-precision machining and geometrical stability of thin-walled components. Aiming to ensure the verticality within 0.012 mm after the processing and forming of a certain type of outer ring components, this paper firstly employs the ultrasonic critical refraction longitudinal wave (LCR wave) detection method to test the residual stress distribution in the key process. Additionally, the stress elimination effect of cryogenic stress relief treatment and the effect of residual stress on vertical deformation are analyzed. After that, combined with the self-developed ultrasonic stress relief (USR) equipment, the ultrasonic regulation treatment was used to replace the heat treatment stress relief process for the processing. The results show that after wire cutting and milling, excessive residual stress induces deformation of components, and USR method can eliminate machining residual stress more efficiently and quickly. As the whole component has torsional deformation along the cross section, the hole position at the upper and lower end faces is changed, which leads to the change in verticality. Finally, based on the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), the potential microscopic mechanism of stress relief by ultrasonic treatment is analyzed. This study provides guidance for ultrasonic residual stress regulation to achieve the high-precision outer ring thin-walled components.

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Heat Treatments for Stress Relieving AlSi9Cu3 Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Advancements in the Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys through Laser-Based Approach

Advancements in the Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys through Laser-Based Approach

Ultrasonic stress detection and regulation in the whole machining process of thin-walled part

The Residual Stress and Deformation Control of TC4 Thin-Walled Outer Ring Components by Ultrasonic Regulation

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