Heated-Effluent Dispersion in Large Lakes: State-of-the-Art of Analytical Modeling. Part 1. Critique of Model Formulations.

Water resources research program. Volume I. Measurements of physical phenomena related to power plant waste heat discharges: Lake Michigan, 1973--1974

“…The direction quadrants are those centered about the shore-parallel and shore-perpendicular directions. These figures show that the current direction is usually in a quadrant centered about the shore-parallel direction, that the average speed in these ,quadrants is considerably higher than i n the shore-perpendicular quadrants, and that the current is typically' f a i r l y low and only rarely .greater .than 20 an/-sec. Fig.…”

Thermal Plume Monitoring with Temperature Recording Drogues

“…Considerable work has been done in recent years on the predictive modeling of thermal plumes (see for example Policastro, 1973 andEG&G, 1976, among others) and in field measurements designed to verify and supplement the models (Tokar, 1972, Tokar, 1975, EG&G, 1976. Most of this work has concentrated on predictions or measurements of thermal effluent distribution in space.…”

Water Resources Research Program: Analysis of Three Years of Complete-Field Temperature Data from Different Sites of Heated Surface Discharges Into Lake Michigan.

“…The paucity of prototype data for surface thermal discharges has often been documented. [I], [2] This lack of data on thermal-plume behavior fostered the development of numerous mathematical models, each attempting t o predict thermal-plume dispersion from shoreline canal discharges. To date, however, none of those models has been sufficiently verified with prototype data to allow them t o be used comfortably i n a predictive sense.…”