Heated flint TL-dating for Gruta da Oliveira (Portugal): dosimetric challenges and comparison of chronometric data

Richter, Daniel; Angelucci, Diego E.; Dias, María Isabel; Prudêncio, M.I.; Gouveia, M. A.; Cardoso, Gonçalo; Burbidge, Christopher Ian; Zilhão, João

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.09.021

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…1, Fig. S1, and SI The Gruta da Aroeira Site) have yielded human remains and rich archaeological levels of the Lower, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic as well as Early Neolithic and later prehistoric periods (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Within the Almonda karst system, the Gruta da Aroeira was first investigated from 1998-2002 (13), revealing a rich lithic assemblage with Acheulean bifaces (Fig.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

Daura

Sanz

Arsuaga

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Middle Pleistocene is a crucial time period for studying human evolution in Europe, because it marks the appearance of both fossil hominins ancestral to the later Neandertals and the Acheulean technology. Nevertheless, European sites containing well-dated human remains associated with an Acheulean toolkit remain scarce. The earliest European hominin crania associated with Acheulean handaxes are at the sites of Arago, Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH), and Swanscombe, dating to 400–500 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11–12). The Atapuerca (SH) fossils and the Swanscombe cranium belong to the Neandertal clade, whereas the Arago hominins have been attributed to an incipient stage of Neandertal evolution, to Homo heidelbergensis, or to a subspecies of Homo erectus. A recently discovered cranium (Aroeira 3) from the Gruta da Aroeira (Almonda karst system, Portugal) dating to 390–436 ka provides important evidence on the earliest European Acheulean-bearing hominins. This cranium is represented by most of the right half of a calvarium (with the exception of the missing occipital bone) and a fragmentary right maxilla preserving part of the nasal floor and two fragmentary molars. The combination of traits in the Aroeira 3 cranium augments the previously documented diversity in the European Middle Pleistocene fossil record

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

Daura

Sanz

Arsuaga

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Lower down, the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira preserved a ~13 m-thick sequence of stratified Mousterian occupations dated by U-series, Thermoluminescence and Radiocarbon to between ~37,000 and ~107,000 years ago (Angelucci & Zilhão 2009;Hoffmann et al 2013;Richter et al 2014). Neanderthal osteological remains were found in several levels of the Oliveira sequence, which also yielded lithic and faunal remains allowing the identification of activity areas (knapping and food processing) organized around fireplaces; the lithic assemblages feature Levallois and Kombewa reduction methods alongside the production of elongated, Upper Paleolithic-type blanks (Figure 1 -i. and k.) (Marks et al 2001;Zilhão et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)

Matías

2016

JLS

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Abstract:The cave site of Gruta da Oliveira is located in the Almonda karst system, at the interface between the Central Limestone Massif of Portuguese Estremadura (CLM) and the adjacent Sedimentary Basin of the River Tagus (TSB). The cave presents a stratification dated to ~37-107 ka containing hearth features, Neanderthal skeletal remains, as well as fauna, microfauna and wood charcoal remains. The lithic assemblages are large and feature a diverse range of raw materials.Knappable lithic raw materials in primary, sub-primary and secondary position in the CLM and the TSB were systematically surveyed and sampled. The characterization of the geological samples was carried out at both the macro-and the microscopic scales and data were systematized under the petroarcheological and "evolutionary chain of silica" approaches.The study of the lithic assemblage from layer 14 (dated to the ~61-93 ka 95.4% probability interval by TL) indicates that the Gruta da Oliveira Neanderthals used quartzite, quartz and flint from sources located less than 30 km away in both the CLM and the TSB.

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“…Also attributable to the MIS 5 is the Mousterian Cone considered to be the exposure of the basal levels of Oliveira cave which is U-Th dated between 80,400 BP and 46,800 BP (Richter 2014). Oliveira Cave presents the largest number of dates for the Middle Palaeolithic of the middle Tagus region: 14C-AMS dating of burnt bones of level 9 are between 45,955 BP and 43,555 BP and level 11 point between 48,934 BP and 44,335 BP, charcoals from level 13 have been dated by the same method from 44,391 BP to 42,891 BP, also with the same method charcoals from level 14 point 49,861 BP to 42,912 BP and level 15 from 42,774 BP to 41,667 BP, a burnt bone from level 18 still with the same method is dated between 42,503 BP to 41,387 BP and recent TL datings of heated flint are between 59.6 ±12.1 ka and 52.1 ±11.6 ka for layer 13 and from 79.2 ±20.5 ka to 75.1 ±14.8 ka for layer 14 (Richter et al 2014). Also of this MIS 4 is the open air site of Vilas Ruivas with TL dates of ca.…”

Section: Journal Of Lithic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The late MIS 3 human occupation is testified by the open air site of Foz do Enxarrique U-Th dated between 32,938 ±1005 BP and 34,093 ±920 BP (Raposo & Cardoso 1998) and more recently by OSL to between 38.5 ±1.6 ka and 31.6 ±1.3 ka (Cunha et al 2008). The Oliveira cave burnt bone of level 8 is dated by 14C-AMS to between 38,552 BP to 36,835 BP and by U-Th from 40,580 BP to 35,770 BP (Richter 2014). The Middle Palaeolithic sequence of Gruta do Caldeirão presents a radiocarbon date of 27,600 ±600 BP (Raposo & Cardoso 1998).…”

Section: Journal Of Lithic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respectively from east to west, Foz do Enxarrique (Cardoso 1993;Brugal & Raposo 1999;Raposo et al 1985;Zilhão 2006), Vilas Ruivas (GEPP 1983;1995;Toscano et al 1999;Zilhão 1992;2001), Ribeira da Ponte da Pedra (Graziano 2013), Santa Cita (Bicho & Ferring 2001;Lussu 2001;Pedergnana 2011) and Estrada do Prado (Chácon & Raposo 2001;Mateus 1984) (see Figure 2) are the excavated open air reference sites. The occupation of caves is recorded in the limestone border in Caldeirão cave (Davis 2002;Zilhão 1993;1997;, and Oliveira Cave (Angelucci & Zilhão 2009;Marks et al 2001;Richter et al 2014;Trinkaus et al 2007;Willman et al 2012;Zilhão et al 2010) (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use wear analysis of quartzite lithic implements from the Middle Palaeolithic site of Lagoa do Bando (Central Portugal)

Berruti¹,

Cura²

2016

JLS

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The Middle Palaeolithic site of Lagoa do Bando is an open air site in a lacustrian context located at 570 m a.s.l. in the municipality of Mação in the center of Portugal. The site was discovered in 2011, during an emergency excavation, and resulted on the recovery of a Middle Palaeolithic lithic assemblage mainly composed of fine grained quartzite implements of expedient, discoid and Levallois technology. Use wear analysis was conducted on 41 artifacts formed through discoid and Levallois technology. Twenty one of these artifacts revealed use wear traces. Ten of them show traces of wood work, five have traces of butchering activities, three present traces of meat processing and two present undetermined traces. The site is located at an atypically high elevation for an open air site and there is evidence of a high rate of woodworking activity, rare in the Middle Palaeolithic occupations. The woodworking activities are possibly linked to the exploitation of woody local resources (maybe for the construction of hunting blinds) and not only with to the manufacture and maintenance of spears and shafts. These results converge with the interpretation of this site as a temporary hunting site integrated in a complex pattern of occupation of the area between the river valleys and the top of low mountains.

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Heated flint TL-dating for Gruta da Oliveira (Portugal): dosimetric challenges and comparison of chronometric data

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

Raw material sourcing in the Middle Paleolithic site of Gruta da Oliveira (Central Limestone Massif, Estremadura, Portugal)

Use wear analysis of quartzite lithic implements from the Middle Palaeolithic site of Lagoa do Bando (Central Portugal)

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