Heated, humidified air for the common cold

Singh, Meenu; Singh, Mandeep

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001728.pub4

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A note of caution should be struck, however, regarding the potential susceptibility of non-classically activated macrophages to infections by intracellular pathogens. The recent occurrences of opportunistic infections in patients treated with immunosuppressive therapeutics, such as anti-cytokine antibodies [24], reminds us that limiting immune responses can come at a price of susceptibility to infections. Importantly in this context, regulatory macrophages continue to produce NO when appropriately stimulated [18], suggesting that they may retain some capacity to limit intracellular infections, despite the fact that this is not their primary physiological role.…”

Section: Targeting Therapies To Macrophage Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory macrophages: Setting the Threshold for Therapy

2011

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Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity and can change their phenotype in response to different environmental cues. They can become activated to kill intracellular microbes or they can assume regulatory properties to modulate immune responses. Regulatory macrophages are fundamentally different from classically, and we propose from non-classically activated macrophages; they arise in response to different stimuli and perform different physiological functions. They are likely to express unique biochemical markers that could be exploited to identify and potentially target these macrophage subsets in tissue. Furthermore, inducers of regulatory macrophages may have the potential to be used as anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Therefore, a better understanding of the various macrophage phenotypes may pave the way for new therapies that are directed at modulating macrophage functions or manipulating individual macrophage subsets.

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Section: Targeting Therapies To Macrophage Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory macrophages: Setting the Threshold for Therapy

2011

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“…6 Steam inhalation and increasing oral fluid intake did not demonstrate any benefit either. 7,8 Additionally, there is insufficient evidence that would support the routine use of complementary or alternative therapies, such as Chinese medicinal herbs, 9 vitamin C, 10 garlic 11 or Echinacea preparations. 12 NSAIDs have been shown to alleviate some of the symptoms of colds but have no effect on disease course.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

URTIs: recommended diagnosis and treatment in general practice

Baker¹,

Barton²

2013

Prescriber

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“…Convincing treatment options without side effects are not known 4 . Traditionally, the local application of heat is used to treat the symptoms of the common cold — for example, ingesting hot fluids such as tea or chicken soup, 5 or inhaling hot vapour 6 . Moreover, few clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate such treatment options 6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the local application of heat is used to treat the symptoms of the common cold — for example, ingesting hot fluids such as tea or chicken soup, 5 or inhaling hot vapour 6 . Moreover, few clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate such treatment options 6 . ‐ 8 It has been suggested that local hyperthermia of the nasal mucosa can affect rhinovirus replication 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…‐ 8 It has been suggested that local hyperthermia of the nasal mucosa can affect rhinovirus replication 7 . ‐ 9 A Cochrane review of six trials — one from Israel, two from the United Kingdom, and three from the United States — found that only the studies from Israel and UK showed that steam was beneficial for relief of common cold symptoms 6 . Results on symptom indices were equivocal; therefore, it was concluded that steam inhalation cannot be recommended for the routine treatment of common cold symptoms and further blind randomised controlled trials needed to be conducted.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Visiting a sauna: does inhaling hot dry air reduce common cold symptoms? A randomised controlled trial

Pach

Knöchel

Lüdtke

et al. 2010

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: Design, setting and participants: A randomised single‐blind controlled trial with a treatment duration of 3 days and a follow‐up period of 4 days was conducted at a sauna in Berlin, Germany. Between November 2007 and March 2008 and between September 2008 and April 2009, 157 patients with symptoms of the common cold were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 80) and a control group (n = 77). Interventions: Participants in the intervention group inhaled hot dry air within a hot sauna, dressed in a winter coat, whereas participants in the control group inhaled dry air at room temperature within a hot sauna, also dressed in a winter coat. Main outcome measures: Area under the curve (AUC) summarising symptom severity over time (Days 2, 3, 5 and 7), symptom severity scores for individual days, intake of medication for the common cold and general ill feeling. Results: No significant difference between groups was observed for AUC representing symptom severity over time (intervention group mean, 31.2 [SEM, 1.8]; control group mean, 35.1 [SEM, 2.3]; group difference, − 3.9 [95% CI, − 9.7 to 1.9]; P = 0.19). However, significant differences between groups were found for medication use on Day 1 (P = 0.01), symptom severity score on Day 2 (P = 0.04), and participants’ ratings of the effectiveness of the therapy on Day 7 (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Inhaling hot air while in a sauna has no significant impact on overall symptom severity of the common cold. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00552981.

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Heated, humidified air for the common cold

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Regulatory macrophages: Setting the Threshold for Therapy

Regulatory macrophages: Setting the Threshold for Therapy

URTIs: recommended diagnosis and treatment in general practice

Visiting a sauna: does inhaling hot dry air reduce common cold symptoms? A randomised controlled trial

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