Heating and emission characteristics from combustion of charcoal and co-combustion of charcoal with faecal char-sawdust char briquettes in a ceramic cook stove

Otieno, Austine O.; Home, Patrick G.; Raude, James M.; Murunga, Sylvia I.; Gachanja, Anthony

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10272

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The sequence of the water lost in the roasted samples is in the following order: Charcoal>augmented charcoal>firewood. The sequence may be due to the fact that the charcoal produced more heat than the firewood 16 . The amount of heat produced by the augmented charcoal may have been impacted negatively due to the plastics that were added to the charcoal to aid combustion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoconstituents and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Content of Roasted Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter Yam)

Nweze,

Nworah,

Nduka

et al. 2023

Res. J. Phytochem

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Background and Objective: Most of the staple foods enjoyed by the populace are prepared by either roasting or smoking methods. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the proximate concentration and distribution of PAHs and anti-nutrients in roasted Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter yam) consumed by people in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Materials used include charcoal, firewood, bitter yam and pieces of plastic. All chemicals used were of analytical grade. The bitter yam was roasted with firewood, charcoal and augmented charcoal and the levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), the proximate analysis and the anti-nutrient content were investigated using standard methods. Results: The proximate analysis showed that crude fibre, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate content varied with changes in the roasting method and were lower than the fresh sample. This study also showed that roasting decreased the anti-nutrient content of yam samples while those roasted with firewood recorded the least content. None of the PAHs detected was above the permissible limit of 5 µg gG 1 stipulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Yam roasted with augmented charcoal accumulated the highest PAHs (4.4426 µg gG 1 ) when compared to those roasted with firewood (3.4742 µg gG 1 ) and charcoal (1.8044 µg gG 1 ). Fluoranthene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene were detected in all the roasted yam samples. Conclusion: This study showed that roasting decreases anti-nutrient content in Dioscorea dumetorum and that Naphthalene will be the most deposited PAH after roasting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoconstituents and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Content of Roasted Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter Yam)

Nweze,

Nworah,

Nduka

et al. 2023

Res. J. Phytochem

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“…Its excessive release into the atmosphere is a major environmental concern, leading to rising global temperatures and associated impacts such as sea level rise and extreme weather events. Carbon Monoxide (CO): CO is a poisonous gas that can be harmful to human health, particularly when inhaled in high concentrations [25].…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Flue Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Industrial Effluent Flue Gas as Source of Energy for Charcoal Production

Tekleyohanis,

Tekleye

2024

IJEES

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This research suggests a unique way to produce charcoal utilizing industrial flue gas as an energy source. The process entails gathering, cleaning, and transporting the flue gas to a pyrolysis reactor where it is used to carbonize and heat biomass. The paper outlined the design of various components, such as the heat exchanger, pyrolysis reactor, and flue gas filter. It specified that the flue gas temperatures in the glass, pulp and paper, and alcohol industries typically range from 400-500°C, 200-500°C, and 150-300°C, respectively. Furthermore, the chemical compositions of these industries were analyzed at the factory. The study emphasized the importance of these design considerations and temperature ranges for efficient operation and optimal performance in the respective industries. The resultant charcoal has several uses and is a sustainable and renewable fuel. In addition, the technique lessens greenhouse gas and flue gas emissions into the atmosphere, protecting the environment and slowing down climate change. The average chemical composition of flue gas from three industries was ascertained, together with the temperature range necessary for pyrolysis and the mechanical layout of the system used to produce charcoal. Upon determining the characteristics of industrial flue gas, the mechanical design of the charcoal production process was incorporated essential components. These include a temporary storage tank, a pyrolysis reactor, and a flue gas filter. This comprehensive design aims to ensure the production of quality charcoal while addressing environmental concerns related to pollution from flue gas treatment. The integration of these components is crucial for optimizing the production process and enhancing environmental sustainability by mitigating the impact of flue gas emissions on the environment. The project report emphasizes the significance of these design considerations in achieving efficient and environmentally friendly charcoal production. The paper also discusses the environmental and economic benefits of using flue gas as an energy source for charcoal production. The paper concludes that this method is a feasible and promising solution for efficient resource utilization and sustainable development.

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“…Charcoal briquettes from palm kernel shells have a calorific value of approximately 4,700 kcal/kg; they do not produce ash, odor, or sparks when combusted (Osei Bonsu et al, 2020). Otieno et al (2022) found that the calorific values of charcoal and briquettes were 6,138 and 4,729 kcal/kg, respectively. Their research also showed that the combustion of charcoal or briquettes with charcoal produced virtually no NO x compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Initial Ignition Time and Calorific Value Enhancement of Briquette with Added Pine Resin

PARI,

EFIYANTI,

DARMAWAN

et al. 2023

J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol.

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The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%-30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%-2.62%; ash of 11.61%-13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%-51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%-59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186-540 kg/cm 2 . Their calorific value is 5,338-6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15-0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.

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Heating and emission characteristics from combustion of charcoal and co-combustion of charcoal with faecal char-sawdust char briquettes in a ceramic cook stove

Cited by 25 publications

References 53 publications

Phytoconstituents and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Content of Roasted Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter Yam)

Phytoconstituents and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Content of Roasted Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter Yam)

Optimizing Industrial Effluent Flue Gas as Source of Energy for Charcoal Production

Initial Ignition Time and Calorific Value Enhancement of Briquette with Added Pine Resin

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