“…To estimate the health conditions of LIBs, some indicators are proposed, such as state of charge, state of health (SOH), remaining useful life (RUL), etc. 12 , 13 , 14 Currently, the SOH and RUL are applied to reveal the connection between operation conditions and health conditions of batteries. 15 However, the LIBs degradation process could not be characterized by just an individual cycle, that is, this degradation could cover hundreds of cycles.…”