Heating up or cooling up the brain? MEG evidence that phrasal verbs are lexical units

Abstract

There is a considerable linguistic debate on whether phrasal verbs (e.g., turn up, break down) are processed as two separate words connected by a syntactic rule or whether they form a single lexical unit. Moreover, views differ on whether meaning (transparency vs. opacity) plays a role in determining their syntactically-connected or lexical status. As linguistic arguments could not settle these issues, we used neurophysiological brain imaging to address them. Applying a multi-feature Mismatch Negativity (MMN) design with subjects instructed to ignore speech stimuli, we recorded magnetic brain responses to particles (up, down) auditorily presented as infrequent -deviant‖ stimuli in the context of frequently occurring verb -standard‖ stimuli. Already at latencies below 200 ms, magnetic brain responses were larger to particles appearing in existing phrasal verbs as context (e.g. rise up) than when they occurred in non-existing combinations (e.g. *fall up), regardless of whether particles carried a literal or metaphorical sense (e.g. rise up, heat up). Previous research found an enhanced MMN response to morphemes in existing (as opposed to non-existing) words but a reduced MMN to words in grammatically acceptable (as opposed to unacceptable) combinations. The increased brain activation to particles in real phrasal verbs reported here is consistent with the lexical enhancement but inconsistent with the syntactic reduction of the MMN, thus providing neurophysiological support that a congruous verb-particle sequence is not assembled syntactically but rather accessed as a single lexical chunk.

Meaning and the brain: The neurosemantics of referential, interactive, and combinatorial knowledge

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“…Although we have analyzed studies involving phrase-and sentence-level processing, their inclusion is for context and because word-form recognition is a constituent part of sentence processing. In some instances, however, phrases are processed as objects (126). This status is occasionally recognized in orthography (e.g., "nonetheless").…”

Semiosic translation: A new theoretical framework for the implementation of pedagogically-oriented subtitling

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