Heatwave effects on gross primary production of northern mid-latitude ecosystems

Xu, Hang; Xiao, Jingfeng; Zhang, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab8760

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Specifically, both low and high temperature will affect the enzyme activity (e.g., Rubisco) and intercellular CO 2 concentration that underlie the photosynthesis process (Ferrar et al, 1989;Fredeen and Sage, 1999;Allen and Ort, 2001). High temperature will even lead to a reduction of stomatal conductance to prevent further loss of water through transpiration, but at the expense of reduced photosynthesis (Ferrar et al, 1989;Xu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECOSTRESS estimates gross primary production with fine spatial resolution for different times of day from the International Space Station

Xiao

Fisher

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing of Environment

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Accurate estimation of gross primary production (GPP), the amount of carbon absorbed by plants via photosynthesis, is of great importance for understanding ecosystem functions, carbon cycling, and climate-carbon feedbacks. Remote sensing has been widely used to quantify GPP at regional to global scales. However, polarorbiting satellites (e.g., Landsat, Sentinel, Terra, Aqua, Suomi NPP, JPSS, OCO-2) lack the capability to examine the diurnal cycles of GPP because they observe the Earth's surface at the same time of day. The Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), launched in June 2018, observes the land surface temperature (LST) at different times of day with high spatial resolution (70 m × 70 m) from the International Space Station (ISS). Here, we made use of ECOSTRESS data to predict instantaneous GPP with high spatial resolution for different times of day using a data-driven approach based on machine learning. The predictive GPP model used instantaneous ECOSTRESS LST observations along with the daily enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), land cover type from the National Land Cover Database (NCLD), and instantaneous meteorological data from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Our model estimated instantaneous GPP across 56 flux tower sites fairly well (R 2 = 0.88, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 2.42 μmol CO 2 m − 2 s − 1 ). The instantaneous GPP estimates driven by ECOSTRESS LST captured the diurnal variations of tower GPP for different biomes. We then produced multiple high resolution ECOSTRESS GPP maps for the central and northern California. We found distinct changes in GPP at different times of day (e.g., higher in late morning, peak around noon, approaching zero at dusk), and clear differences in productivity across landscapes (e.g., savannas, croplands, grasslands, and forests) for different times of day. ECOSTRESS GPP also captured the seasonal variations in the diurnal cycling of photosynthesis. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using ECOSTRESS data for producing instantaneous GPP (i.e., GPP for the acquisition time of the ECOSTRESS data) for different times of day. The ECOSTRESS GPP can shed light on how plant photosynthesis and water use vary over the course of the diurnal cycle and inform agricultural management and future improvement of terrestrial biosphere/land surface models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECOSTRESS estimates gross primary production with fine spatial resolution for different times of day from the International Space Station

Xiao

Fisher

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing of Environment

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“…We assumed air pressure to be constantly 95 kPa since we do not have long-term air pressure measurements. The r c was estimated on a monthly basis by rearranging equation 2 for r c and calculating it with measurements from the flux tower (Xu et al 2020, Figure S1). The monthly r c was scaled by the annual leaf area index (LAI) by multiplying annual normalized LAI by the r c values within that year.…”

Section: Potential Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

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Bailey

Campbell

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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Small catchments have served as sentinels of forest ecosystem responses to changes in air quality and climate. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire has been tracking catchment water budgets and their controls -meteorology and vegetation -since 1956.Water budgets in four reference catchments indicated an approximately 30% increase in the evapotranspiration (ET) as estimated by the difference between precipitation (P) and runoff (RO) starting in 2010 and continuing through 2019. We analyzed the annual water budgets, cumulative deviations of the daily P, RO, and water budget residual (WBR = P -RO), potential ET, and indicators of subsurface storage to gain greater insight into this shift in the water budgets. The potential ET and the subsurface storage indicators suggest that this change in WBR was primarily due to increasing ET. While multiple long-term hydrological and micrometeorological data sets were used to detect and investigate this change in ET, additional measurements of groundwater storage and soil moisture would enable better estimation of ET within the catchment water balance. Increasing the breadth of long-term measurements across small gauged catchments allows them to serve as more effective sentinels of substantial hydrologic changes like the ET increase that we observed. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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“…Heatwaves have become more common over recent decades. They are at least partly associated with the rapid changes occurring at the level of the global climate (Reichstein et al ., 2013) and influence the energy, water, and carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere (Rödenbeck et al ., 2020; Xu et al ., 2020). While it is clearly important to understand how plants respond to heatwaves, the dependence of such a response on the heatwave intensity remains poorly recognized (Mazdiyasni et al ., 2019; Xu et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the ecosystem level, vegetation type and plant traits can influence the response to heatwave events. Trees in forest ecosystems, in contrast to grasslands, tend to reduce stomatal conductance under heatwave conditions (Teuling et al ., 2010; Xu et al ., 2020), leading to an increase in ecosystem surface temperature but avoiding long‐term damage (Teuling et al ., 2010). This physiological response enables forest ecosystems to be more resilient and resistant to deleterious heatwave effects than other ecosystems (Von Buttlar et al ., 2018; Xu et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trees in forest ecosystems, in contrast to grasslands, tend to reduce stomatal conductance under heatwave conditions (Teuling et al ., 2010; Xu et al ., 2020), leading to an increase in ecosystem surface temperature but avoiding long‐term damage (Teuling et al ., 2010). This physiological response enables forest ecosystems to be more resilient and resistant to deleterious heatwave effects than other ecosystems (Von Buttlar et al ., 2018; Xu et al ., 2020). The forest response to short‐term heatwaves primarily consists of rapid physiological adjustments, rather than slower changes such as alterations in canopy structure or pigment concentrations, and our ability to detect its response using reflectance measurements is therefore limited (Rammig & Mahecha, 2015; Zhang et al ., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential responses to two heatwave intensities in a Mediterranean citrus orchard are identified by combining measurements of fluorescence and carbonyl sulfide (COS) and CO₂ uptake

et al. 2021

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Summary The impact of extreme climate episodes such as heatwaves on plants physiological functioning and survival may depend on the event intensity, which requires quantification. We unraveled the distinct impacts of intense (HW) and intermediate (INT) heatwave days on carbon uptake, and the underlying changes in the photosynthetic system, in a Mediterranean citrus orchard using leaf active (pulse amplitude modulation; PAM) and canopy level passive (sun‐induced; SIF) fluorescence measurements, together with CO2, water vapor, and carbonyl sulfide (COS) exchange measurements. Compared to normal (N) days, gross CO2 uptake fluxes (gross primary production, GPP) were significantly reduced during HW days, but only slightly decreased during INT days. By contrast, COS uptake flux and SIFA (at 760 nm) decreased during both HW and INT days, which was reflected in leaf internal CO2 concentrations and in nonphotochemical quenching, respectively. Intense (HW) heatwave conditions also resulted in a substantial decrease in electron transport rates, measured using leaf‐scale fluorescence, and an increase in the fractional energy consumption in photorespiration. Using the combined proxy approach, we demonstrate a differential ecosystem response to different heatwave intensities, which allows the trees to preserve carbon assimilation during INT days but not during HW days.

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Heatwave effects on gross primary production of northern mid-latitude ecosystems

Cited by 50 publications

References 92 publications

ECOSTRESS estimates gross primary production with fine spatial resolution for different times of day from the International Space Station

ECOSTRESS estimates gross primary production with fine spatial resolution for different times of day from the International Space Station

A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

Differential responses to two heatwave intensities in a Mediterranean citrus orchard are identified by combining measurements of fluorescence and carbonyl sulfide (COS) and CO₂ uptake

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Heatwave effects on gross primary production of northern mid-latitude ecosystems

Cited by 50 publications

References 92 publications

ECOSTRESS estimates gross primary production with fine spatial resolution for different times of day from the International Space Station

ECOSTRESS estimates gross primary production with fine spatial resolution for different times of day from the International Space Station

A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

Differential responses to two heatwave intensities in a Mediterranean citrus orchard are identified by combining measurements of fluorescence and carbonyl sulfide (COS) and CO2 uptake

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Differential responses to two heatwave intensities in a Mediterranean citrus orchard are identified by combining measurements of fluorescence and carbonyl sulfide (COS) and CO₂ uptake