Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration

Durante, Marco; Cucinotta, Francis A.

doi:10.1038/nrc2391

Cited by 522 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…There is a slight dependence of the relative abundances on the solar cycle. Despite their comparably low intensity, heavy ions have a great impact on the radiation exposure in space due to their high biological relevance (Durante & Cucinotta 2008). In general, the contributions of primary nuclei up to atomic numbers of Z = 26 (Fe) are sufficient to estimate the radiation exposure to humans from GCR.…”

Section: Galactic Cosmic Ray Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Martian surface radiation environment – a comparison of models and MSL/RAD measurements

Matthiä

Ehresmann

Lohf

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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Context: The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) has been measuring the radiation environment on the surface of Mars since August 6th 2012. MSL-RAD is the first instrument to provide detailed information about charged and neutral particle spectra and dose rates on the Martian surface, and one of the primary objectives of the RAD investigation is to help improve and validate current radiation transport models. Aims: Applying different numerical transport models with boundary conditions derived from the MSL-RAD environment the goal of this work was to both provide predictions for the particle spectra and the radiation exposure on the Martian surface complementing the RAD sensitive range and, at the same time, validate the results with the experimental data, where applicable. Such validated models can be used to predict dose rates for future manned missions as well as for performing shield optimization studies. Methods: Several particle transport models (GEANT4, PHITS, HZETRN/OLTARIS) were used to predict the particle flux and the corresponding radiation environment caused by galactic cosmic radiation on Mars. From the calculated particle spectra the dose rates on the surface are estimated. Results: Calculations of particle spectra and dose rates induced by galactic cosmic radiation on the Martian surface are presented. Although good agreement is found in many cases for the different transport codes, GEANT4, PHITS, and HZETRN/OLTARIS, some models still show large, sometimes order of magnitude discrepancies in certain particle spectra. We have found that RAD data is helping to make better choices of input parameters and physical models. Elements of these validated models can be applied to more detailed studies on how the radiation environment is influenced by solar modulation, Martian atmosphere and soil, and changes due to the Martian seasonal pressure cycle. By extending the range of the calculated particle spectra with respect to the experimental data additional information about the radiation environment is gained, and the contribution of different particle species to the dose is estimated.

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Section: Galactic Cosmic Ray Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Martian surface radiation environment – a comparison of models and MSL/RAD measurements

Matthiä

Ehresmann

Lohf

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…22 However, it is apparent in Figure 3(b) that the three exposure response curves are remarkably similar, indicating that the attenuation length in the present experiments is greater than the range of film thicknesses studied and confounds our previous approach. Fortunately (7), can be evaluated numerically and Levenberg-Marquardt optimization, 43 further permits the most probable values of P 0 , P min , σ, and λ to be determined at each film thickness. It was found that the optimal values depend slightly on the initial seed values.…”

Section: Determination Of Absolute Cross Section For Strand Break mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy of simulations thus depends on data describing individual scattering events, e.g., those of SEs with condensed molecules. Electron-molecule cross sections are absolute quantities that describe these events and are thus essential for modelling radiation induced processes occurring in diverse fields including plasma processing, 4 water e-beam purification, 5 astro-chemistry, 6 human spaceflight, 7 and radiobiology. 8 In radiobiology, MC simulations can describe both the so-called direct effects of primary radiation and secondary species on DNA, as well as the indirect effects of OH • and other radicals produced in liquid water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute cross section for loss of supercoiled topology induced by 10 eV electrons in highly uniform /DNA/1,3-diaminopropane films deposited on highly ordered pyrolitic graphite

Boulanouar

Fromm

Bass

et al. 2013

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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It was recently shown that the affinity of doubly charged, 1-3 diaminopropane (Dap 2+ ) for DNA permits the growth on highly ordered pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) substrates, of plasmid DNA films, of known uniform thickness [O. Boulanouar, A. Khatyr, G. Herlem, F. Palmino, L. Sanche, and M. Fromm, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 21291-21298 (2011)]. Post-irradiation analysis by electrophoresis of such targets confirms that electron impact at 10 eV produces a maximum in the yield of single strand breaks that can be associated with the formation of a DNA − transient anion. Using a welladapted deterministic survival model for the variation of electron damage with fluence and film thickness, we have determined an absolute cross section for strand-break damage by 10 eV electrons and inelastic scattering attenuation length in DNA-Dap complex films.

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“…charged particles | radial dose distribution | biodosimetry | γH2AX foci | local effect model C harged particles, including protons, α-particles, and heavy ions, are increasingly used in cancer radiotherapy and represent a significant component of the natural background irradiation on earth and in space (1)(2)(3). Their biological effect is often very different from that of photons (X-or γ-rays), largely because charged particles deposit their energy along a track, whereas photons produce a fairly homogeneous dose distribution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of the 3-dimensional DNA lesion distribution induced by energetic charged particles in a mouse model tissue

Mirsch

Tommasino

Frohns

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Charged particles are increasingly used in cancer radiotherapy and contribute significantly to the natural radiation risk. The difference in the biological effects of high-energy charged particles compared with X-rays or γ-rays is determined largely by the spatial distribution of their energy deposition events. Part of the energy is deposited in a densely ionizing manner in the inner part of the track, with the remainder spread out more sparsely over the outer track region. Our knowledge about the dose distribution is derived solely from modeling approaches and physical measurements in inorganic material. Here we exploited the exceptional sensitivity of γH2AX foci technology and quantified the spatial distribution of DNA lesions induced by charged particles in a mouse model tissue. We observed that charged particles damage tissue nonhomogenously, with single cells receiving high doses and many other cells exposed to isolated damage resulting from high-energy secondary electrons. Using calibration experiments, we transformed the 3D lesion distribution into a dose distribution and compared it with predictions from modeling approaches. We obtained a radial dose distribution with sub-micrometer resolution that decreased with increasing distance to the particle path following a 1/r 2 dependency. The analysis further revealed the existence of a background dose at larger distances from the particle path arising from overlapping dose deposition events from independent particles. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the first quantification of the spatial dose distribution of charged particles in biologically relevant material, and will serve as a benchmark for biophysical models that predict the biological effects of these particles.C harged particles, including protons, α-particles, and heavy ions, are increasingly used in cancer radiotherapy and represent a significant component of the natural background irradiation on earth and in space (1-3). Their biological effect is often very different from that of photons (X-or γ-rays), largely because charged particles deposit their energy along a track, whereas photons produce a fairly homogeneous dose distribution. Linear energy transfer (LET; typically given in units of keV/μm) has been introduced as a parameter to describe the amount of energy that charged particles deposit along their track. Particles with high LET are densely ionizing and typically biologically more effective than photons or low-LET particles. Energy deposition along a particle track is not restricted to the path itself (the so-called "track core"), but extends laterally into an area known as the penumbra of the particle, which can reach considerable distances for high-energy particles. Energy deposition in the penumbra arises from energetic secondary electrons, so-called δ-electrons, which are generated by ionization events of the charged particles and carry energy away from the immediate path into the penumbra. According to classical track structure theory, ∼50% of the total energy is deposited in the...

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Heavy ion carcinogenesis and human space exploration

Cited by 522 publications

References 115 publications

The Martian surface radiation environment – a comparison of models and MSL/RAD measurements

The Martian surface radiation environment – a comparison of models and MSL/RAD measurements

Absolute cross section for loss of supercoiled topology induced by 10 eV electrons in highly uniform /DNA/1,3-diaminopropane films deposited on highly ordered pyrolitic graphite

Direct measurement of the 3-dimensional DNA lesion distribution induced by energetic charged particles in a mouse model tissue

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