Heavy-metal adsorption by non-living biomass

Adsorption of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions onto chitosan-modified poly(methacrylate) nanoparticles: Dynamics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies

“…Eq. (6) may be used to express the essential characteristics of Langmuir isotherm [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]24]. The R L value indicates the adsorption nature to be unfavourable (R L > 1), linear (R L = 1), favourable (0 < R L < 1) and irreversible (R L = 0).…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently remove toxic metal ions from wastewaters before their release in the environment. Numerous physical, chemical and biological [3] treatment technologies have been reported for the removal of toxic metal ions such as chemical precipitation [4], adsorption [5][6][7][8][9][10], ion-exchange [11], electro coagulation [12] and membrane separation [13]. However, among those technologies, the adsorption technique has been found to be the best technology for toxic metals removal because of its high effectiveness, ease of operation, low operating cost, no generated poisonous byproducts and possible regeneration of adsorbents.…”

Thermodynamics and kinetics of bivalent cadmium biosorption onto nanoparticles of chitosan-based biopolymers

“…The Pseudomonas strains were isolated, characterized, identified and prepared for the biosorption experiments as previously described [16,19,20].…”

“…1b a crystal lattice structure formed from linear chains of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid connected by b-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. This readily available bacterial biopolymer can be used for heavy metal removal from various waste waters [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The objective of this study was to prepare new ternary nanoparticles of chitosan, non-living Pseudomonas strains and gelatin (CPG) by emulsion crosslinking method for the biosorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution.…”

“…Several techniques such as chemical precipitation, filtration, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, membrane technologies, floatation, evaporation, photocatalysis, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis and adsorption could be applied to remove or reduce heavy metals from polluted waters [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Among those techniques, adsorption is highly effective because of the ease of operation and its low cost [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Chitosan, Fig.…”