Heavy metal analysis of groundwater from Warri, Nigeria

Aremu, David A.; Olawuyi, Joshua F.; Meshitsuka, Shunsuke; Sridhar, M. K. C.; Oluwande, P.A.

doi:10.1080/0960312021000001014

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The levels of lead, cadmium, manganese and chromium exceeded the threshold limits (0.01, 0.003, 0.4 and 0.05 mg/l respectively) set by the WHO health-based guideline for drinking water and this could portend environmental hazards [27]. The lead levels found in this study agree with the data obtained previously also in ground water from Warri, Niger Delta [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of Effluents From Warri Refinery Petrochemical Company WRPC on Water and Soil Qualities of “Contiguous Host” and “Impacted on Communities” of Delta State, Nigeria

Nduka¹,

Orisakwe²

2009

TOEPTJ

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This study investigated the effect of refinery effluents on different sources of potable water supply in two areas of Niger Delta contiguous host and impacted on communities of Delta State, Nigeria (surface water, shallow well water and borehole water) in Ekpan, its adjoining communities and creeks. Since open and underground water bodies are regarded as final recipient of most environmental pollutant, we sought through the study to provide data on pollutant load of potable water supply of the study area. Cadmium, chromium, lead and manganese were determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry; physico-chemical parameters such as nitrate,nitrite, pH, Biological oxygen demand BOD, Total hardness TH, salinity and electrical conductivity EC were all determined using their standard methods. Surface water of Aja-Etan and Ijala had highest levels of cadmium (1.45±0.01 and 1.20 ± 0.0(mg/l), that of ifie-kporo and Ekpan had highest lead (1.00 ± 0.01mg/l). Ekpan borehole water is more acidic (4.79± 0.01) than others. Agigba and Ajamimogha surface water had highest level of manganese (2.40 ± 0.03 and 2.20 ± 0.03mg/l). With the exception of Ekpan shallow well, BOD and hardness were in highest concentration in surface water. Some of the parameter were above WHO standards and USEPA maximum contaminant level MCL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of Effluents From Warri Refinery Petrochemical Company WRPC on Water and Soil Qualities of “Contiguous Host” and “Impacted on Communities” of Delta State, Nigeria

Nduka¹,

Orisakwe²

2009

TOEPTJ

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“…Table 2 compares dissolved and acid-extractable sample analyses. Although Ca, Mg and Na dissolved concentrations are relatively high (5 to 150 mg/L), the dissolved cation concentrations are similar to the data for other alluvial aquifer studies (Aremu, 2002;Elbaz-Poulichet et al, 2002;Kresse et al, 2002). The geochemical environment of the aquifers is such that high dissolved Fe concentrations occur at depth, likely as a result of decomposition of organic matter that produces lower Eh values, i.e., the water is more reducing (Steele et al, 2003).…”

Section: Sample Analysissupporting

confidence: 69%

Comparison of Dissolved and Acid-Extractable Metal Concentrations of Ground Water, Eastern Arkansas, USA

2006

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ABSTRACT. The objective of this project was to compare dissolved and acid-extractable metal concentrations in ground water in the alluvial and Sparta aquifers in eastern Arkansas, USA. Typically, water samples for metal analyses are filtered through a 0.45 µm pore-size membrane immediately after sample collection, yielding "dissolved" concentrations. In some situations, acid-extractable metal concentrations (unfiltered samples but acidified) may better represent potential metal "availability", e.g., from cation exchange or from dissolution of Fe hydroxyoxides. For this project, 41 wells were sampled in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial and Sparta aquifers. The paired student-T test was used to determine differences in the dissolved and acid-extractable concentrations for Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ca, Mg, Na and K. The test indicated that there are significant differences between dissolved and acid-extractable concentrations for Fe, Mn, Pb and Ca at the 95% confidence level. The test indicated no differences for Mg, K, Na, Cu, and Zn (confidence level < 95%). In most cases the difference ratios for dissolved and acid-extractable concentrations were less than 25% but in about one third of samples the difference ratios were greater than 90%. Highly turbid samples had the highest difference ratios. The results indicate that acid-extractable concentrations can be important in determining metal availability for Mn, Pb, Ca and especially Fe. The Fe concentrations show spatial variation that is related to variations in lithology, ground water flow and/or geochemical processes.

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“…The waters are often consumed without any form of treatment. Aremu et al (2002) reported high levels of Pb, Ni and Fe in groundwater from the Warri area in Nigeria, characterised by petroleum activities. However, low levels of Cd and Cr (0.001-0.002 mg l −1 ) were reported in borehole water samples in the Niger Delta area of the country (Omotosho and Leton, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Elemental contaminants in groundwater: A study of trace metals from residential area in the vicinity of an industrial area in Lagos, Nigeria

Awofolu

2006

Environmentalist

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Groundwater (well water) from a residential area within the vicinity of an industrial estate in Lagos, Nigeria were sampled and analysed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for their heavy metals content. This was with a view of assessing the quality of the water, which was being used for domestic activities, especially, drinking usually without treatment. Total trace metal determination by mineral acid digestion of water samples was applied. This method proved to be better than an extractive concentration technique in the quality assurance protocols with the recovery range being 90.7 ± 0.006-97.6 ± 0.003%. Mean concentration of trace metals in water samples ranged from Fe: 0.05-0.47 mg l −1 ; Al: 0.1-1.54 mg l −1 ; Cu: 0.14-1.39 mg l −1 ; Zn: 0.04-0.43 mg l −1 ; Cd: trace-0.02 mg l −1 ; Pb: trace-0.03 mg l −1 , Mn: 0.01-0.18 mg l −1 and Ni: 0.02-0.11 mg l −1 . Physical parameters of water samples examined were within the drinking water safety limits except for conductivity. Results generally indicate the presence of heavy metal constituents in groundwater samples. Detection of metals such as cadmium and lead which have serious health implications above WHO and USEPA limits in drinking water gives cause for concern.O. R. Awofolu ( )

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Heavy metal analysis of groundwater from Warri, Nigeria

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Effluents From Warri Refinery Petrochemical Company WRPC on Water and Soil Qualities of “Contiguous Host” and “Impacted on Communities” of Delta State, Nigeria

Effect of Effluents From Warri Refinery Petrochemical Company WRPC on Water and Soil Qualities of “Contiguous Host” and “Impacted on Communities” of Delta State, Nigeria

Comparison of Dissolved and Acid-Extractable Metal Concentrations of Ground Water, Eastern Arkansas, USA

Elemental contaminants in groundwater: A study of trace metals from residential area in the vicinity of an industrial area in Lagos, Nigeria

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