Heavy metal budgets for two headwater forested catchments in background areas of Finland

Heavy Metals in Urban Park Soils From Athens, Greece

“…the median value previously reported for Pb in Athens top soil (Argyraki and Kelepertzis, 2014). This finding supports the hypothesis that top soil in park and woodland areas is enriched in airborne through either greater deposition (Ukonmaanaho et al, 2001;Michopoulos et al, 2005), or due to distinct point sources of pollution (Argyraki and Kelepertzis, 2014). Interestingly, samples from the parks with the highest total Pb concentrations demonstrate the lowest extractability ratios.…”

Biogeochemistry of Nickel and Its Release into the Environment

“…Some part of the elements absorbed by plants remain incorporated in stems, leaves, or moss tissues and are released back to the nutrient cycle only after senescence and litter decomposition. Input-output budgets at catchment and stand levels, therefore, are a useful means of describing the mobility, retention and fl uxes of elements in the environment [103][104][105][106][107][108].…”

“…Ukonmaanaho et al [108] studied Ni input-output budgets both at plot (stand)-and catchmentscale in two remote boreal forest areas in southern (Valkea-Kotinen, Norway spruce dominated) and eastern (Hietajärvi, Scots pine dominated) Finland. Results of the plot-scale budgets showed that retention of Ni (by canopy, vegetation, soil) took place at both the Hietajärvi plots, whereas at the Valkea-Kotinen plot the Ni fl ux at 40 cm depth in soil was greater than the total inputs (TF ϩ LF) (Figure 2).…”

Trace Metal Budgets for Forested Catchments in Europe—Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn

“…This approach relies on the assumption that the capture of heavy metal particles 338 proceeds via similar mechanisms to those involved in the capture of Na salts. Using this 339 method, Ukonmaanaho et al (2001) calculated that the external input to Finnish IM sites was 340 much lower than TF + LF. It is undoubtedly true that the LF and TF in part reflect various 341 internal fluxes for some metals and that simply estimating the total deposition by summing 342 them can result in overestimation.…”