Heavy metal detoxification mechanisms in halophytes: an overview

Sruthi, Palliyath; Shackira, A.M.; Puthur, Jos T.

doi:10.1007/s11273-016-9513-z

Cited by 89 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Plants restrict the accumulation of heavy metals in the less sensitive organelles to avoid damage to the more sensitive organelles at the cellular level [16,142,143]. The precipitation of electron-dense granules in subcellular compartments, especially in the cell wall, is the first line cellular defense mechanism, against toxic heavy metals [23,144,145].…”

Section: Electron-dense Materials Deposition In the Subcellular Comparmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants

Wakeel

Gan

2020

IJMS

213

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Chromium (Cr) is one of the top seven toxic heavy metals, being ranked 21st among the abundantly found metals in the earth’s crust. A huge amount of Cr releases from various industries and Cr mines, which is accumulating in the agricultural land, is significantly reducing the crop development, growth, and yield. Chromium mediates phytotoxicity either by direct interaction with different plant parts and metabolic pathways or it generates internal stress by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the role of Cr-induced ROS in the phytotoxicity is very important. In the current study, we reviewed the most recent publications regarding Cr-induced ROS, Cr-induced alteration in the enzymatic antioxidant system, Cr-induced lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, Cr-induced DNA damage and genotoxicity, Cr-induced ultrastructural changes in cell and subcellular level, and Cr-induced alterations in photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus. Taken together, we conclude that Cr-induced ROS and the suppression of the enzymatic antioxidant system actually mediate Cr-induced cytotoxic, genotoxic, ultrastructural, and photosynthetic changes in plants.

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Section: Electron-dense Materials Deposition In the Subcellular Comparmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants

Wakeel

Gan

2020

IJMS

213

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“…In addition to effective scavenging of salt stress-derived ROS, halophytes display a whole range of various mechanisms, including the development of special tubers at leaves or stems that may contain large amounts of salt, the production of enzymes that limit ion transfer through membranes, the generation of stress proteins and osmolytes and active metal detoxification in vacuoles, which enable homeostasis maintenance under stressful conditions [11].Halophytic plants employ many strategies enabling the undisturbed execution of the developmental program under concurrent salinity and HM stresses. These strategies involve restricted metal uptake, exclusion of toxic ions from roots, efficient neutralization of metal ions in the protoplast and sequestration or translocation to remote organs [13]. The above mechanisms are regulated by a large number of genes and provide higher tolerance to both salt and Cd [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halophytic plants employ many strategies enabling the undisturbed execution of the developmental program under concurrent salinity and HM stresses. These strategies involve restricted metal uptake, exclusion of toxic ions from roots, efficient neutralization of metal ions in the protoplast and sequestration or translocation to remote organs [13]. The above mechanisms are regulated by a large number of genes and provide higher tolerance to both salt and Cd [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Genes Involved in Heavy Metal Trafficking in Plants Exposed to Salinity Stress and Elevated Cd Concentrations

Nosek

Kaczmarczyk

Jędrzejczyk

et al. 2020

Plants

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Many areas intended for crop production suffer from the concomitant occurrence of heavy metal pollution and elevated salinity; therefore, halophytes seem to represent a promising perspective for the bioremediation of contaminated soils. In this study, the influence of Cd treatment (0.01-10.0 mM) and salinity stress (0.4 M NaCl) on the expression of genes involved in heavy metal uptake (irt2-iron-regulated protein 2, zip4-zinc-induced protein 4), vacuolar sequestration (abcc2-ATP-binding cassette 2, cax4-cation exchanger 2 pcs1-phytochelatin synthase 1) and translocation into aerial organs (hma4-heavy metal ATPase 4) were analyzed in a soil-grown semi-halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. The upregulation of irt2 expression induced by salinity was additionally enhanced by Cd treatment. Such changes were not observed for zip4. Stressor-induced alterations in abcc2, cax4, hma4 and pcs1 expression were most pronounced in the root tissue, and the expression of cax4, hma4 and pcs1 was upregulated in response to salinity and Cd. However, the cumulative effect of both stressors, similar to the one described for irt2, was observed only in the case of pcs1. The importance of salt stress in the irt2 expression regulation mechanism is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the combined effect of salinity and heavy metal stress on genes involved in heavy metal trafficking.Plants 2020, 9, 475 2 of 15 by the occurrence of three symptoms: first, increased osmotic pressure, which results in water deficit conditions; second, accumulation of toxic ions in plant organs [4]; and third, nutritional imbalance, which influences the growth and development of challenged plants [5]. These symptoms are primarily responsible for adverse alterations in morphological, physiological and biochemical processes that disrupt the agricultural production and ecological balance of the area [3].Many areas, including arable lands, suffer from concomitant contamination with heavy metals (HMs) and salts. Recently, the accumulation of HMs in the environment has increased as a consequence of intensified human activities, such as mining, smelting and agricultural practices, including the long-term application of fertilizers, fungicides or pesticides [6]. Since HMs are non-degradable, they may persist in a contaminated substrate for decades [7]. The threat posed by heavy metals to humans has an origin in plants, which are the first link in the food chain. Plants can take up HMs from various sources, such as air, water or soil; the latter process predominates and is dependent on many factors, such as temperature, soil pH, aeration and, clearly, on the particular species involved in the accumulation process.Cadmium is one of the HMs that is particularly widely spread in the environment and has gained prominence as an important issue not only in urbanized lands, but also in less explored, rural, agricultural or wildlife areas. Cd toxicity results from altered uptake and transport of nutrient elements (Ca, Mg, P), disruption ...

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“…It seems that these traits are associated with common morphological and biochemical mechanisms: the ability to tightly regulate ion transport and sequestration, capacity to maintain osmotic balance, an efficient cellular antioxidative system, plasticity to switch appropriate developmental programmes, etc. (Sruthi et al, 2017). So far, mostly obligate halophytes species from arid habitats have been used in phytoextraction studies (Hamed et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Wetland Species Rumex Hydrolapathum to Increased Concentration of Biogenous Heavy Metals Zn and Mn in Substrate

Ievinsh

Dišlere

Karlsons

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Communicated by Mâris KïaviòðThe aim of the present study was to determine if individuals of Rumex hydrolapathum Huds native to saline wetlands are able to tolerate high concentration of biogenous heavy metals Zn and Mn in substrate and to accumulate high concentration of these metals in aboveground parts. Plant physiological status was monitored by using non-destructive analysis of chlorophyll and chlorophyll a fluorescence. R. hydrolapathum plants accumulated up to 1840 mg·kg -1 Zn and 6400 mg·kg -1 Mn in older leaves. The usefulness of monitoring changes in chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters to predict physiological response of R. hydrolapathum plants to excess Zn and Mn was not supported, as the lack of significant changes indicated that the model species showed adaptation to increased amount of metals in actively photosynthesizing tissues. It appears that Zn and Mn tolerance of R. hydrolapathum is based primarily at the physiological level where metal accumulation in younger leaves and roots is restricted, and development of new leaves is promoted together with induction of senescence in older leaves that have accumulated the majority of Zn and Mn. R. hydrolapathum can be characterised as a very promising model species for further studies for practical phytoremediation needs.

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Heavy metal detoxification mechanisms in halophytes: an overview

Cited by 89 publications

References 171 publications

Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants

Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants

Expression of Genes Involved in Heavy Metal Trafficking in Plants Exposed to Salinity Stress and Elevated Cd Concentrations

Physiological Responses of Wetland Species Rumex Hydrolapathum to Increased Concentration of Biogenous Heavy Metals Zn and Mn in Substrate

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