Heavy Metal Levels in Muscle Tissues of Solea solea, Mullus barbatus, and Sardina pilchardus Marketed for Consumption in Mersin, Turkey

Trace elements risk assessment for consumption of wild mussels along South Africa coastline

“…The environmental health risk was assessed by comparing the environmental status, as represented by the concentrations of the metals in mussels, and threshold values likely to cause adverse effects in human consumers. In this context, a risk quotient can be calculated as follows (based on Jovic et al, 2012;Yap et al, 2016;Korkmaz et al, 2017): 1 is the direct comparison of concentrations in soft tissues (wet weight basis) with seafood safety guidelines based on established maximum permissible limits (MPLs); 2 is the characterization of the amount of mussel meat (maximal provisional consumption rate MPCR, kg/week) that would need to be consumed per week by a 70-kg average adult to reach the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) established by the JECFA or related reference limits; 3 is the assessment of differences between estimated daily intakes (EDI) with RfD and calculation of risk quotient (RQ), which corresponded to the ratio between estimated weekly intakes (EWI) and prescribed PTWI values of the element; 4 is the estimation of target hazardous quotient (THQ) and total hazardous index (HI) which corresponded to the sum of all quotients from elements as its combinations for each station for the local coastal population…”

Determination of the Level of Selected Elements in Canned Meat and Fish and Risk Assessment for Consumer Health

“…Lead damages and destroys erythrocytes; reduces resistance; weakens the bones; blocks the nervous system; inhibits the absorption of iodine, necessary for correct functioning of the thyroid gland; forms toxic deposits in the organism, causing numerous disorders and diseases, [41]; 0.053-0.7396, 0.0195-0.0489 [18]; 0.07-0.22 [72]; <LOQ-1.14 [17]; 0.0001-0.0003 [52]; 0.0378-0.5243 [73]; 0.60-0.62 [74]; 0.088-0.410, [43]; 0.005-1.17 [39], * 0.140-0.327 in d.w. [75], * 0.094-0.466 [76], * 0.16-0.53 [77] 0.50 and 1.0 (tuna) [26] As Cd 0.0033-0.0754 0.0046-0.0720 [16]; 0.002-0.07 [78]; 1.00-1.80 [66]; 0.08-0.66 [41]; 0.0-53.9 [18]; 0.019 [79]; <LOQ-0.09 [17]; 0.08 [36]; 0.0032-0.0834 [73]; 0.020-0.025 [74]; <LOQ-0.007 [39]; 0.03-0.12 [37]; <LOQ-0.18 [40]; 0.19-17.05 [80], * 0.008-0.191 in d.w. [75], * 0.021-0.082 [76], * 0.01-0.21 [77] 0.050 and 0.10 (sardine, tuna) [26] Pb 0.011-0.296 0.0126-0.0726 [16]; 0.007-0.51 [78]; 3-4.60, 3.60-4.00 [66]; 0.14-0.92 [41]; 0.02-1.37 [35]; 0.0-31.1 [18]; 0.11 [79]; <LOQ-4.13 [17]; 0.10 [36]; <LOQ-3.19, 0.35-2.10, 0.25-1.51 in d.w. [42]…”

“…e recommended daily intake of manganese should not exceed levels from 3.0 to 9.0 mg [34]. According to the literature, Cr and Mn contents in canned fish were found to be as follows: in the muscles of fish from Turkey, 0.19-2.80 and 0.08-3.88 mg·kg −1 [35]; in canned tuna and mackerel from the USA, Cr 0.0-0.067 and 0.01-0.30 mg·kg −1 , Mn 0.0-0.001 and 0.0-0.001 mg·kg −1 [18]; in canned tuna from Turkey, Cr 1.08 mg·kg −1 , Mn 0.90 mg·kg −1 [36]; in the canned fish samples from Iran, Cr 0.90-1.87 mg·kg −1 , Mn 1.20-2.70 mg·kg −1 [37]; in canned tuna from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 0.0029 for Mn, 0.0005 for Cr [38]; in the canned tuna from Mexico, for Cr 0.02 to 0.65 mg·kg −1 , 0.07 to 0.38 mg·kg −1 in the fresh fish samples [39]; in canned fish from China, Cr 0.08-1.28 mg·kg −1 [40]; in canned tuna from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Cr 0.10-0.57 mg·kg −1 [41]; in muscles of fresh fish from Iraq, Mn 0.11-1.86 mg·kg −1 dry weight, in the muscles of frozen fish species 0.13-4.50 mg·kg −1 dry weight, and in canned fish 0.13-0.81 mg kg −1 dry weight [42]; in canned tuna from Ghana, Mn 0.001-0.057 mg·kg −1 [43]. Cr content in Bangladesh fish ranged from 2.09 to 7.18 mg·kg −1 , and Mn from 23.23 to 25.65 mg·kg −1 [44].…”

“…In humans, the levels of nickel absorption are very low, of the order of over ten mg·kg −1 . According to the literature data, the level of Ni in canned fish was as follows: in canned tuna from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 0.09-0.48 mg·kg −1 [41]; in the muscles of fish from Turkey, 0.03-0.63 mg·kg −1 [35]; in canned fish from Iraq, 0.0001 to 0.0003 mg·kg −1 [52]; in muscles from Iraq, 0.11-0.31 mg·kg −1 dry weight, in fresh fish 0.37-2.30 mg·kg −1 dry weight, in the muscles of frozen fish species and in canned fish 0.33-1.96 mg·kg −1 dry weight [42]; in canned tuna from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 0.0018 mg·kg −1 for Ni [38]; in the canned fish samples, 0.58-1.04 mg·kg −1 [37]. In a study conducted in the USA, the content of Ni in canned fish was in the range from <LOQ to 0.783 mg·kg −1 [18].…”

Cadmium and lead levels in three freshwater fish species from the Zambezi region, Namibia

“…The absence of mining activities (the latter are considered as one of the major contributors of cadmium) along the courses of the rivers in the Zambezi region (MacDonald, 2007) may explain the absence of cadmium in fish in this study. Previous studies in a number of freshwater fish species did not also detect cadmium (Addo-Bediako et al 2014;Jooste et al 2015;Garcia et al 2016;Korkmaz et al 2017). It has also been reported that cadmium has a lower bioaccumulation in fish muscle, compared with kidneys and livers (Chowdhury et al 2004;Shinn et al 2009 Li 2018).…”