Heavy metal mediated innate immune responses of the Indian green frog, Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Anura: Ranidae): Cellular profiles and associated Th1 skewed cytokine response

Jayawardena, Uthpala A.; Ratnasooriya, W. D.; Wickramasinghe, Deepthi; Udagama, Preethi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.171

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The present study was undertaken to evaluate biochemical and histopathological alterations of a common anuran amphibian, E. hexadactylus, with natural and laboratory exposure to heavy metals, compared with their counterparts collected from a pristine reference site. The study revealed that the Bellanwila-Attidiya Sanctuary is highly contaminated with various heavy metal species, at concentrations varying on the order of Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn > Cd, and significant bioaccumulation of Cu and Cr in frog liver and gastrocnemius muscle tissue, confirming previous observations [32,33]. Histopathology of all the major frog organs revealed tissue disturbances as significant alterations from the general morphology observed in the reference animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The 15 adult frogs collected from the reference site were subjected to laboratory exposure of a mixture of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Pb at 5 ppm each) for 28 d. This concentration was selected to simulate the average levels of each heavy metal (which varied from 3.8 to 18.4 ppm as follows: Cu 18.39, Cr 9.51, Pb 7.24, Zn 4.68, and Cd 3.75 ppm ) present in the water samples collected from the polluted site. The adult frogs were reared in glass aquaria (40 × 40 × 70 cm) containing 4 L of the exposure medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pilot study conducted in 2010 to 2012 in the Bellanwila‐Attidiya Sanctuary reported significant levels of the heavy metals Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd in wetland water (Zn 2.71, Pb 0.955, Cu 0.04, and Cd 0.019 ppm) as well as in E. hexadactylus tissue . The use of functional and nonfunctional immunologic biomarkers, including cytokines as indicators of heavy metal pollution in wetland ecosystems was reported in Jayawardena et al . Biochemical and histopathological alterations in any Sri Lankan amphibian species have thus far not been evaluated in relation to heavy metal pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Heavy metal–induced toxicity in the Indian green frog: Biochemical and histopathological alterations

Jayawardena

Angunawela

Wickramasinghe

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Heavy metal contamination may have adverse effects on wetland biota, particularly on amphibians. Severe immunotoxic effects elicited in Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Indian green frog) because of metal exposure (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the Bellanwila-Attidiya Sanctuary, a polluted urban wetland in Sri Lanka, provided the rationale for the present study. We evaluated the biochemical and histopathological effects of this metal contamination with a reference E. hexadactylus population and a laboratory exposure group that was subjected to 28 d of exposure to a mixture of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn (5 ppm in each mixture). A histopathological scoring for the semiquantification of tissue damage was established. Results of the biochemical and histopathological markers were remarkably consistent between the 2 exposure scenarios, providing validation for the heavy metal exposure hypothesis. Damage to liver, kidney, lung, and skin of metal-exposed E. hexadactylus quantified multiple impairments absent in the reference frogs. Liver injuries complemented significantly elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and alkaline phosphatases in frog liver homogenate, indicating hepatocellular leakage and loss of functional and structural integrity of the hepatocyte membrane in both field- and laboratory-exposed frogs. Significant elevation of Kupffer cell hypertrophy, pigmentation, inflammatory cell infiltrates and hepatic inflammation, extramedullary hematopoiesis, karyocytomegaly of hepatocytes (p < 0.05) of the liver, and degeneration of epithelia and necrosis of the lung, manifested as impairments in both metal exposure scenarios. Significantly reduced serum total protein and albumin and significantly elevated urea and creatinine in metal-exposed frogs were indicative of hepatic and renal dysfunction, respectively. The present study affirms histopathology-related biochemical alterations as potential biomarkers for heavy metal toxicity in amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2855-2867. © 2017 SETAC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Heavy metal–induced toxicity in the Indian green frog: Biochemical and histopathological alterations

Jayawardena

Angunawela

Wickramasinghe

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…[35] Immune system has different and complex interactions and there are many targets for metals to affect the functions of the cells which are involved in Immune response. [36], [37]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential and toxic metals in serum of individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis in an endemic region

Sepehri

Mirzaei

Sargazi

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseas

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Trace elements play an important role in tuberculosis infection because their deficiencies can be associated with impaired immunity. Blood samples were collected from a total of 320 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of Zinc, Iron, Copper, Calcium, lead, Arsenic and Selenium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The levels of trace elements were measured after 2, 4 and 6 months of anti-TB treatment initiation in TB infected groups. Compared to the control group, the concentrations of Zinc, Selenium, and Iron were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in tuberculosis patients; however, that of Arsenic, Lead, and copper was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the serum of patients. Cu/Zn and Cu/Se ratios were also significantly higher (P < 0.001) in TB patients compared to the control group. In addition, serum concentration calcium was similar in both TB patients and healthy controls. Our results indicated that trace elements concentrations in tuberculosis patients are related to each element role in immune system. Wherever the element is essential for the pathogenesis of bacteria, its concentration will remain low; and contrariwise, when the element is toxic for the bacteria, its level will be regulated up to provide a perfect condition for bacterial growth.

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“…IL1β and IFNγ were responsive to distinct challenges, being up-regulated by ranavirus (Andino et al, 2012), heavy metals exposure (Jayawardena et al, 2015), andLPS injection (Gardner et al, 2018). In the meantime, besides showing increased values of IL1β, IL6 and IFNγ, the timeframe to detect increased values may differ, being 2h, 24h and even 28 days after treatments (Gardner et al, 2018;Andino et al, 2012;Jayawardena et al, 2015;respectively). In our study, R. icterica toads were euthanized at the predicted beginning of the pro-inflammatory response, as evidenced by the increase in CORT levels and IL1β, but other cytokines didn't present evident alterations at this time point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeitos de um desafio imune sobre parâmetros imunológicos e endócrinos de sapos Cururu (Rhinella icterica) em seu habitat natural

Garcia¹,

Getúlio²

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Os hormônios glicocorticoides e melatonina são conhecidos por possuírem funções imunomodulatórias, podendo agir tanto como estimuladores quanto supressores da resposta imune, a depender do contexto. Enquanto suas propriedades imunológicas têm sido bem exploradas em mamíferos, em anfíbios ainda há poucos trabalhos que abordem essa interação imune-endócrina em um contexto inflamatório, e aqueles feitos recorreram ao uso do cativeiro para tal. Avaliar como esses animais reagem em campo frente a um desafio imune pode trazer informações relevantes acerca de como parâmetros imunofisiológicos são modulados em condições naturais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de um desafio imune, representado por uma injeção com lipopolissacarídeos (LPS), em distintos horários de atividade de anuros (Rhinella icterica) recém-capturados em seu ambiente natural na Floresta Atlântica. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: capacidade bactericida plasmática, níveis hormonais (corticosterona, melatonina e testosterona plasmática) e expressão gênica de citocinas. A injeção com LPS induziu o aumento de corticosterona e na expressão da interleucina-1β. O horário da injeção influenciou na resposta de algumas citocinas, indicando uma maior resposta inflamatória no começo da noite. Nossos resultados mostram que o LPS induziu uma resposta inflamatória, com horário de injeção influenciando alguns dos parâmetros avaliados, encontrando um padrão semelhante ao que foi visto em cativeiro em outros estudos. Enquanto este trabalho encontrou resultados mais associados à primeira etapa da resposta inflamatória, outros estudos devem ser feitos a fim de se avaliar etapas posteriores da montagem de uma resposta imune.

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Heavy metal mediated innate immune responses of the Indian green frog, Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Anura: Ranidae): Cellular profiles and associated Th1 skewed cytokine response

Cited by 17 publications

References 62 publications

Heavy metal–induced toxicity in the Indian green frog: Biochemical and histopathological alterations

Heavy metal–induced toxicity in the Indian green frog: Biochemical and histopathological alterations

Essential and toxic metals in serum of individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis in an endemic region

Efeitos de um desafio imune sobre parâmetros imunológicos e endócrinos de sapos Cururu (Rhinella icterica) em seu habitat natural

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