Heavy metal monitoring, analysis and prediction in lakes and rivers: state of the art

Abstract

Several research efforts have been conducted to monitor and analyze the impact of environmental factors on the heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical properties of water bodies (lakes and rivers) in different countries worldwide. This article provides a general overview of the previous works that have been completed in monitoring and analyzing heavy metals. The intention of this review is to introduce the historical studies to distinguish and understand the previous challenges faced by researchers in analyzing heavy metal accumulation. In addition, this review introduces a survey on the importance of time increment sampling (monthly and/or seasonally) to comprehend and determine the rate of change of different parameters on a monthly and seasonal basis. Furthermore, suggestions are made for future research to achieve more understandable figures on heavy metal accumulation by considering climate conditions. Thus, the intent of the current study is the provision of reliable models for predicting future heavy metal accumulation in water bodies in different climates and pollution conditions so that water management can be achieved using intelligent proactive strategies and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques.

Evaluation of the Influence of the Heavy Metals Content on the Possibility to Use the Waters from selected Strzelin Quarry Lakes for Agricultural Irrigation

“…In autumn and winter, no cadmium was detected in 64% of the water samples from the analysed Strzelin Quarry Lakes ( Table 2). The cadmium content in the waters of the analysed quarry lakes is similar to the lower values (0.009-1.0 μg•dm -3 , 2.4-15.3 μg•dm -3 ) noted in lakes, in particular uncontaminated ones (Piotrowski, 1997, Gwoździński et al, 2014, Zeng et al, 2012, Zeng et al, 2013, Elzwayie et al, 2017. At the same time, they are decidedly lower than the zinc content (0.02-0.16 mg•dm -3 ) noted in the quarry lakes after the excavation of metal ores (Ramstedt et al, 2003, McCullough, 2008, Kumar et al, 2009 and in coal and lignite pit lakes ((0.001-0.023 mg•dm -3 ) (Stottmeister et al, 1999, Kumar et al, 2009, Hinwood et al, 2012).…”

The Evaluation of the Possibility to Use the Water from Quarry Lakes for Irrigation

“…In the summer of 2017, the presence of manganese was not detected in any of the quarry lakes. The manganese load in the analysed waters was similar to that (0.007-0.200 (1.32) mg Mn×dm -3 ) noted in lakes (Gwoździński et al, 2014;Elzwayie et al, 2017). Higher manganese concentrations (~4.5-81 mg Mn×dm -3 ) were found in the waters of the quarry lakes emerging in metal ore mining pits (Ramstedt et.…”

“…In the Q3-G quarry, iron was not detected in 4 analysed samples, while in Q4-QS, iron was present in all the collected samples. Similar values (0.016-0.5 mg Fe ×dm -3 ) were noted in lakes (Kleeberg and Grüneberg, 2005;Przybyła et al, 2011;Gwoździński et al, 2014), although in some cases, the iron loads (3.93-49.0 mg Fe ×dm -3 ) in lake waters were decidedly higher (Kleeberg and Grüneberg, 2005;Elzwayie et al, 2017), similarly as in water reservoirs 0.062-12.0 mg Fe ×dm -3 (Avila-Pérez et al, 1999; Karadede and Ünlü, 2000). On the other hand, in silica sand quarry lake, the iron concentration was 0.14 mg Fe ×dm -3 (Kumar et al, 2009), and in quartzite and quarzitic sandstone quarry lakes, it fell into the range of 5.2-23.3 (max.-860) mg Fe ×dm -3 (Migaszewski et al, 2016), which was significantly higher than in the analysed quarry lakes.…”

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation

“…Monitoring and analysis of heavy metal concentrations in the environment are necessary for pollution assessment and control [112]. e levels/concentrations of potentially toxic metals and metalloids should be regularly monitored in the different environmental media such as water, sediments, and soils as well as in the resident biota.…”