Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in the surface water from a marine protected area, Swatch of No Ground, north-western part of the Bay of Bengal

Nutrient and heavy metal dynamics in the coastal waters of St. Martin’s island in the Bay of Bengal

“…The prime reason for higher concentrations of heavy metals during the Pre-monsoon hot season may be due to lower freshwater influx from upstream, a higher evaporation rate, and lower precipitation in the study area. Usually, the heavy influx from the upstream runoff gets mixed with the seawater, which dilutes the concentration; afterward, the heavy water influx carries the heavy metals to the deep sea [ 17 ]. However, the sources of the metals are numerous, whereas shipbreaking industries, battery production factories, and frequent building materials, along with lighter ships, cargo ships, and vessel ships, are the prime anthropogenic sources [ 36 , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] ].…”

“…In PCA, the number of PCs is equal to the number of original variables, and each PC incorporates all of the surface water quality metrics [ 17 , 86 ]. According to the principle of PCA, only those eigenvalues that are ≥1 is retained to construct the relevant dataset [ 87 ].…”

“…Specifically, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, along with industrial waste and municipal waste that dump into the river, is the most extensive [ 13 , 14 ]. Despite the fact that just a few metals, such as Cu and Zn, are essential for biological functions in both plants and microorganisms, other metals, such as Cd, Cr, As, and Pb, are deleterious over a specific threshold [ [15] , [16] , [17] ]. Accumulation of non-biodegradable heavy metals in animal cells and marine plant cells is fatal due to the destruction they inflict on biophysical functions [ 12 , [18] , [19] , [20] ].…”

Forecasting Pollutant Concentration for Water Resource Planning and Management, Using Water Quality Analyzer (WQA)

“…Heavy metals are by per the most important chemicals of health and environmental concern in the present industrial world (Hasan et al, 2022). However, although scholars express concern about industrial contamination of water bodies in Malaysia, and the Linggi basin in particular, the above results shows that heavy metals pollution is comparatively, not most important pollutants of concern in the Linggi basin.…”

Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in surface and groundwater in the Ponce Enríquez mining area, Ecuador.

“…Los efectos peligrosos de los metales pesados se atribuyen a que estos no son degradables biológica o químicamente, poseen una alta toxicidad, se acumulan con el paso del tiempo en espacios limitados y muchos tienen una fácil movilidad, llegando a extender la contaminación a grandes distancias [2]. Los metales pesados pueden estar presentes en el medio ambiente debido a procesos naturales, sin embargo, las actividades antropogénicas como la minería, son una importante fuente de liberación de estos contaminantes [3]- [5].…”