Heavy metal profiles and microbial counts of selected sachet water brands in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria

Yahaya, Tajudeen; Doherty, V. F.; Akinola, Olufemi Sunday; Shamsudeen, A

doi:10.4314/ijs.v21i1.20

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Five (10%) of the studies reported assessing microbial contamination more than once [34–38] while the majority assessed this only once. Of the 52 included studies: two provided data on E. coli contamination only [39,40] eight assessed total coliforms only [34,37,41–46] sixteen assessed total coliforms and E. coli [10,35,36,47–59] fifteen characterised other bacteria in addition to E. coli [20,60–63]; total coliforms [38,64–66]; or total coliforms and E. coli [67–72] one study assessed TTC, total coliforms and E. coli [73] six other studies enumerated and characterised faecal coliform at 44–44.5°C within 48 h and we extracted the data as TTC [74,75], in addition to the total coliforms data reported [76–80]. two other studies also enumerated faecal coliform, however these were not characterised at the appropriate temperature [81,82].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• two provided data on E. coli contamination only [39,40] • eight assessed total coliforms only [34,37,[41][42][43][44][45][46] • sixteen assessed total coliforms and E. coli [10,35,36,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] • fifteen characterised other bacteria in addition to E. coli [20,[60][61][62][63]; total coliforms [38,[64][65][66]; or total coliforms and E. coli [67][68][69][70][71][72] • one study assessed TTC, total coliforms and E. coli [73] • six other studies enumerated and characterised faecal coliform at 44-44.5°C within 48 h and we extracted the data as TTC [74,75], in addition to the total coliforms data reported [76][77]…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial contamination of packaged drinking water in Nigeria

Udoh

Lawal

Akpan

et al. 2021

Tropical Med Int Health

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Sachet water is a form of packaged water commonly sold in West Africa [1]. It refers to water of approximately 500 ml volume that is purified, packaged and sold for drinking in heat-sealed plastic sleeves ('sachets'). Nationally representative surveys show that up to 18% of urban households in Nigeria depend on sachet water for drinking, cooking and other domestic uses with only a small fraction utilising bottled water products [2]. The year-on-year increase in sachet water consumption observed in West Africa is driven in part by consumer purchasing behaviour, relative affordability, inadequate water supply infrastructure due to increasing urbanisation and limited access to safe and sustainable

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial contamination of packaged drinking water in Nigeria

Udoh

Lawal

Akpan

et al. 2021

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The effects of adsorbents (ACDW and LFB) on the structure of the bacterial communities in real aquaculture wastewater effluent after ammonia removal were examined. According to Yahaya et al [ 42 ], the bacterial count was examined in five treatments (samples): (1) filtered lipid-free biomass (LFB), (2) aquaculture wastewater treated with LFB (LFB-RAW), (3) filtered complete dry biomass (ACDW), (4) aquaculture wastewater treated with ACDW (ACDW-RAW), and (5) an aquaculture wastewater (RAW) sample that was not treated with A. platensis as a control. Sterile nutrient agar media was prepared by autoclaving at 120 °C for 20 min; 1 g·mL −1 of each sample was inoculated using pouring technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Bioremediation from Aquaculture Wastewater Effluents Using Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003: Impact of Biodiesel Residue and Potential of Ammonia-Loaded Biomass as Rotifer Feed

et al. 2021

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The present work evaluated the capability of Arthrospira platensis complete biomass (ACDW) and the lipid-free biomass (LFB) to remove ammonium ions (NH4+) from aquaculture wastewater discharge. Under controlled conditions in flasks filled with 100 mL of distilled water (synthetic aqueous solution), a batch process ion-exchange was conducted by changing the main parameters including contact times (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 min), initial ammonium ion concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mg·L−1), and initial pH levels (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) at various dosages of ACDW and LFB as adsorbents (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 g). After lab optimization, ammonia removal from real aquaculture wastewater was also examined. The removal of ammonium using ACDW and LFB in the synthetic aqueous solution (64.24% and 89.68%, respectively) was higher than that of the real aquaculture effluents (25.70% and 37.80%, respectively). The data of IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of various functional groups in the biomass of ACDW and LFB. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were estimated using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Halsey models, providing an initial description of the ammonia elimination capacity of A. platensis. The experimental kinetic study was suitably fit by a pseudo-second-order equation. On the other hand, as a result of the treatment of real aquaculture wastewater (RAW) using LFB and ACDW, the bacterial counts of the LFB, ACDW, ACDW-RAW, and RAW groups were high (higher than 300 CFU), while the LFB-RAW group showed lower than 100 CFU. The current study is the first work reporting the potential of ammonia-loaded microalgae biomass as a feed source for the rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis). In general, our findings concluded that B. plicatilis was sensitive to A. platensis biomass loaded with ammonia concentrations. Overall, the results in this work showed that the biomass of A. platensis is a promising candidate for removing ammonia from aquaculture wastewater.

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“…The most common group of contaminants in water is heavy metals (Kinuthia et al, 2020). The commonly detected heavy metals in water include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc (Yahaya et al, 2019;Moruf and Durojaiye, 2020). Although lagoon heavy metal pollution is less obvious and more direct than other types of pollution, it has far-reaching consequences for the aquatic ecosystem and humans (Okunade et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations and health risk parameters of heavy metals in water samples from Epe Lagoon in Lagos State, Nigeria

Yahaya¹,

Illo²,

Abdulgafar³

et al. 2022

dujopas

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Lagoons are large bodies of water that provide essential economic and ecosystem services such as fishing, erosion protection, transportation, as well as water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use, among others. Unfortunately, municipal, agricultural, and industrial waste are often dumped in lagoons, polluting the water and predisposing humans and aquatic organisms to environmental and health hazards. This calls for regular monitoring of lagoons worldwide. This study assessed the water quality of Epe lagoon in Lagos State, Nigeria, with regard to heavy metal contamination. Water samples obtained at three settlements (Epe, Ejinrin, and Agbowa) along the lagoon were treated and subjected to heavy metal analysis using standard protocols. The heavy metals analysed were lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). The chronic daily intake (CDI), chronic dermal contact (CDC), hazard quotients (HQ), heavy metal index (HMI), and probability of cancer risk (PCR) of the heavy metals were also calculated. The results revealed that the water samples from the three locations contained non-permissible levels of Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Cr. The CDI, CDC, and HQ of the heavy metals via ingestion and dermal contact were within the recommended limits, except for Pb. Meanwhile, the HMI and PCR of all the heavy metals exceeded the permissible limits. The results obtained suggest that Epe lagoon’s water is contaminated with heavy metals and thus poses health hazards. Consequently, there is a need for heavy metal remediation and control in the lagoon.

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Heavy metal profiles and microbial counts of selected sachet water brands in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract: (£ 50 cfu ml). These results showed the water samples were seriously contaminated, and the water brands could pose a significant public health risk to the consumers in the city if this trend continues.

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Microbial contamination of packaged drinking water in Nigeria

Microbial contamination of packaged drinking water in Nigeria

Ammonia Bioremediation from Aquaculture Wastewater Effluents Using Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003: Impact of Biodiesel Residue and Potential of Ammonia-Loaded Biomass as Rotifer Feed

Concentrations and health risk parameters of heavy metals in water samples from Epe Lagoon in Lagos State, Nigeria

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