Heavy metal release from different ashes during serial batch tests using water and acid

Ludwig, Bernard; Khanna, P.; Prenzel, J.; Beese, F.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.007

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Primary constituents of the ashes are oxides of Si (SiO 2 ), Al (Al 2 O 3 ), Fe (Fe 2 O 3 ), Ca (CaO), Mg (MgO), Na (Na 2 O), K (K 2 O), and Ti (TiO 2 ) [6][7][8]. Ashes also contain significant amounts of elements with toxic characters such as As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Ilander¹,

Väisänen²

2007

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A method of ultrasound-assisted digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) used for the determination of toxic element concentrations (arsenic, barium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, strontium, vanadium and zinc) in ash samples was developed. All the measurements were performed in robust plasma conditions which were tested by measuring the Mg II 280.270 nm / Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratios. The highest line intensity ratios were observed when a nebulizer gas flow of 0.6 L min -1 , auxiliary gas flow of 0.2 L min -1 and plasma power of 1400 W were used for radially viewed plasma.The analysis of SRM 1633b showed that the ultrasound-assisted method developed is highly comparable with the microwave digestion method standardized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3052). The ultrasound-assisted digestion with a digestion solution of aqua regia and hydro fluoric acid (HF) resulted in recovery rates of over 81 %. One exception is arsenic which resulted in recoveries of about 60 % only; however, it could be digested with good recovery (> 90 %) using a digestion solution of 5 mL of water and 5 mL of aqua regia. The major advantage of the ultrasound-assisted digestion over microwave digestion is the high treatment rate (30 samples simultaneously with a sonication time of 18 min).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Ilander¹,

Väisänen²

2007

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…According to Ludwig et al (2005), the pattern of elemental release from ash depends not only on the extraction method and the type of extractant used, but also on the element, the type of matrix and the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the ash material. For metals that were soluble in the extreme and strongly acidic conditions, the mineralogical phase of the metal oxides present in the ash apparently affected their susceptibility to attack by the H þ -ions present in the extractant.…”

Section: Extractability Of Metals In the Ash As A Function Of Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of metals from grate-fired boiler cyclone ash at different pH values

Pöykiö

Rönkkömäki

Nurmesniemi

et al. 2009

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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The concentrations of metals (Ba, Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Mo, Se and Sb) extractable from cyclone ash, obtained from a municipal district heating plant (6 MW) incinerating forestry and sawmill residues, was studied as a function of pH (1.1 -12.8) at a liquid-to-solid (LyS) ratio of 10 Lykg. The following main fractions were obtained: (1) metals (Ba, Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, As, Hg, Pb and Sb) that were primarily extractable in extreme or strongly acidic conditions; (2) metals (Cr and Zn) that expressed amphoteric behaviour, i.e. they were extractable both in acidic (low pH) and alkaline (high pH) conditions, but were relatively insoluble at neutral pH values; and (3) metals (Mo and Se) which were primarily extractable only in alkaline conditions. The maximum extraction recovery (R) value (%) of the metals, which varied between 1.3 and 93.4%, indicates that most of the metals in cyclone ash are not easily soluble in the conditions normally found in nature.

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“…The release of metals from ash depends on the chemical characteristics of ash in terms of form and solubility: (1) metals may be present as water soluble salts where dilution determines the concentrations in the solution phase and there is no pH dependency; (2) metals may be present as soluble or moderately soluble phases but trapped in materials which need dissolution (i.e., carbonates or oxides) and when dissolved with acid make the soluble phases free; (3) metals occur in a form (i.e., carbonates, oxides or hydroxides) that would be released following dissolution processes (Ludwig et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study of Leaching Properties of Mediterranean Forest Species Ashes

Liodakis

Tsoukala

Katsigiannis

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Heavy metal content of high load ashes applied on the ground during severe forest fires may be released into rainwater, and through it, they can either penetrate into the ground water or be washed out into water receivers, causing a severe environmental problem. The chemical composition of two dominant Greek forest species (Pinus halepensis, Quercus coccifera) ashes was determined before and after leaching. The ash samples were similar to those obtained in actual forest fires and two leaching tests (column and shake leaching test) were employed using aqueous solutions of pH=6 and 1. For the analysis of ashes (prior to and after leaching), the following analytical techniques were used: X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. For the analysis of leachates ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry were used. At pH=6 (rainwater conditions) some elements were released (i.e., 95% Cr, 70% Pb). The release of Cr is up to 95% for P. halepensis and 76% for Q. coccifera. The total amount of some toxic elements recovered (i.e., Cd) was up to 99%. As expected, at pH=1 the majority of metallic elements were almost completely recovered. Knowledge of the leaching properties of Mediterranean forest species ashes is very important for evaluating their impact on the environment (soil and ground and underground water streams).

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Heavy metal release from different ashes during serial batch tests using water and acid

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

An ultrasound-assisted digestion method for the determination of toxic element concentrations in ash samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Release of metals from grate-fired boiler cyclone ash at different pH values

Laboratory Study of Leaching Properties of Mediterranean Forest Species Ashes

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