Heavy Metal Removal from Soil by Coupled Electric‐Hydraulic Gradient

An Analytical Solution for Modelling of Transport and Removal of Contaminants from Solid Phase by the CEHIXM Process

“…The circulated acid solution dissolves heavy metals from the soil pores bringing the contaminants into the liquid phase. Khan and Alam [23] discussed the applicability and effectiveness of producing acid solutions by electric gradient. This process also utilizes an ion-exchange medium to remove the extracted heavy metals from the liquid phase.…”

Electrokinetics and soil decontamination: concepts and overview (Review)

“…However, it is obvious from the literature that most of these apparatuses are used for the remediation of finegrained soils by electro-osmosis. None of them except the last three are used for the decontamination of course-grained soils such as sandy/salty soils, where the electro-osmosis is ineffective [90]. It is reported that the last two instruments have been successfully used to decontaminate sandy soils using electrolysis and electro-migration.…”

Testing and evaluation of electrokinetic decontamination of concrete

“…1991; Bibler et al 1993;Hicks and Tondorf 1994;Jacobs et al 1994;Khan and Alam 1994;Runnels and Patterson 1994), theory and analysis (e.g., Acar et al 1990;Alshawabkeh and Acar 1992;Thornton and Shapiro 1994), and field-scale application (e.g., Lageman et al 1989;Bibler and Meaker 1994;Lomasney 1994;Trombly 1994) Because of the production of H' at the anode and OH-at the cathode, these reactions affect the pH distribution in the system. If the buffering capacity of the soil is not high, an acid front is generated that moves through the soil toward the cathode.…”

“…Lageman and coworkers (1989) presented a system with circulation loops involving undisclosed purification and conditioning of both the anolyte and the catholyte. Khan and Alam (1994) used a hydraulic gradient to flow solution from the anode to the cathode, with removal and treatment of the catholyte and recycle in the anolyte. Bibler and coworkers (1993) controlled the pH at about 6 throughout the soil by flowing saturated calcium oxide through the anode reservoir and 2 Macetic acid through the cathode reservoir.…”