“…HMs discharged into water bodies. Industries such as mining (Alcolea et al, 2012;Davies et al, 2011), tanneries, metal plating, fertilizer industries, battery and pesticide production, ore refineries and the paper industry (Chuah et al, 2005) are the major contributing sources of heavy metal. HMs, such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) are toxic, carcinogenic, persistent in nature and tend to bioaccumulate (Wan Ngah and Hanafiah, 2008), which has led to the formulation of strict regulations (such as WHO, USEPA or EU) concerning the quality of wastewaters discharged from the industries.…”