Heavy metal stress and responses in plants

Ghori, N.-H.; Ghori, T.; Hayat, Muhammad Qasim; Imadi, Sameen Ruqia; Gul, Alvina; Altay, Volkan; Öztürk, Münir

doi:10.1007/s13762-019-02215-8

Cited by 641 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…What is more, all metals are non-biodegradable, and therefore they persist inside the protoplast, where they may cause cellular damage and interfere with various physiological processes [7][8][9].The primary effect of HM exposition is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although ROS play an integral role in the regulation of plant metabolism, their enhanced formation induces oxidative damage, and leads to the oxidation of lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids and the depletion of enzymatic activities [10][11][12][13]. However, plants activate various defense mechanisms to overcome the destructive oxidative reactions and protect the cellular components from imbalanced ROS generation under HM stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

2020

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This research aimed to indicate mechanisms involved in protection against the imbalanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during heavy metals (HMs) exposition of Silene vulgaris ecotypes with different levels of metal tolerance. Specimens of non-metallicolous (NM), calamine (CAL), and serpentine (SER) ecotypes were treated in vitro with Zn, Pb, and Cd ions applied simultaneously in concentrations that reflected their contents in natural habitats of the CAL ecotype (1× HMs) and 2.5- or 5.0-times higher than the first one. Our findings confirmed the sensitivity of the NM ecotype and revealed that the SER ecotype was not fully adapted to the HM mixture, since intensified lipid peroxidation, ultrastructural alternations, and decline in photosynthetic pigments’ content were ascertained under HM treatment. These changes resulted from insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms based only on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity assisted (depending on HMs concentration) by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase activity at pH 6.8 in the NM ecotype or by GST and guaiacol-type peroxidase in the SER one. In turn, CAL specimens showed a hormetic reaction to 1× HMs, which manifested by both increased accumulation of pigments and most non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced activity of catalase and enzymes from the peroxidase family (with the exception of APX). Interestingly, no changes in superoxide dismutase activity were noticed in metallicolous ecotypes. To sum up, the ROS scavenging pathways in S. vulgaris relied on antioxidants specific to the respective ecotypes, however the synthesis of polyphenols was proved to be a universal reaction to HMs.

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confidence: 99%

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

2020

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“…Some metal elements, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), antimony (Sb), and zinc (Zn), are required by plants for numerous enzyme-catalyzed or redox reactions, in electron transfer, and in nucleic acid metabolism [80]. However, high concentrations of them can interfere with essential enzymatic activities by modifying protein structure or by replacing an essential element, resulting in deficiency symptoms such as chlorosis, reduced seed germination [81] and root growth, effects on both photosystems [82], and cell cycle arrest.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Studies from the Last Twenty Years on Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations and Their Uses for Wheat Crops

et al. 2019

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The aim of this work was to summarize the most recent research focused on the study of plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, both in a generic context and in the specific context of wheat cultivation. Taking into account the last 20 years, the most significant studies on the main plant advantages taken from this association are reviewed herein. Positive advances that have been reported stem from the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the mycorrhizal fungus, revealing better performance for the host in terms of nutrient uptake and protection from salinity, lack of water, and excess phytotoxic elements. Mycorrhiza studies and the recent progress in research in this sector have shown a possible solution for environmental sustainability: AMF represent a valid alternative to overcome the loss of biological fertility of soils, reduce chemical inputs, and alleviate the effects of biotic and abiotic stress.

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that heavy metal stress could endanger various biological and chemical characteristics in plants in multiple aspects, such as disturbing the water metabolism, decreasing mineral nutrient absorption and inhibiting the photosynthesis. 19,34 Especially, Cd as a non-essential element at low concentrations can significantly inhibit the plant growths, resulting in phytotoxic effects, including leaf yellowing, growth slowdown and yield reduction. 35 For example, Rizvi and Khan reported that heavy metal induced oxidative damages and root morphology alterations, resulting in the reduced maize production.…”

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The improved resistance against gypsy moth in Larix olgensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress association with elemental and chemical defenses

Jiang

Wang

Yan

2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd), as an environmental pollutant, can endanger various biological and chemical characteristics of plants in multiple aspects. In this study, the effects of Cd contamination or exposure for 30 and 60 days at 1, 2, 4 mg kg−1 concentrations on the resistance of Larix olgensis seedlings to the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae were investigated. RESULTS Our results showed that Cd stress did not significantly affect the growth and biomass parameters of the larch seedlings, which might be attributed to the scavenging mechanism of reactive oxygen species (e.g. superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Regarding the phytochemical defense, we found that Cd stress significantly changed the contents or activities of protease inhibitors (such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors) and secondary metabolites (tannins and phenolic acids) in L. olgensis seedling needles; however, their response trends varied with Cd exposure concentrations with a significant increase at low concentrations and a significant decrease at high concentrations. Moreover, both chemical and elemental defenses contributed to the resistance of L. olgensis seedlings to the gypsy moth larvae, and their synergistic effects (between toxic elements and organic metabolites) could provide an overall improved defense of L. olgensis seedlings even at low concentrations of single components, resulting in a detrimental effect on the growth of gypsy moth larvae. CONCLUSION These findings call for an urgent need to adjust and optimize pest control strategies in heavy metal polluted areas based on the effects of heavy metal stress on woody plant resistance to pest insects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Heavy metal stress and responses in plants

Cited by 641 publications

References 163 publications

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals

A Review of Studies from the Last Twenty Years on Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations and Their Uses for Wheat Crops

The improved resistance against gypsy moth in Larix olgensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress association with elemental and chemical defenses

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