Heavy Metal Tolerance of Silene vulgaris

Bringezu, Kristina; Lichtenberger, O.; Leopold, Ines; Neumann, D.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(99)80295-8

Cited by 119 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…The chemical forms of the exudated grains were identified as metal-substituted calcite (calcium carbonate) by using synchrotron-based Xray microanalyses (Sarret et al 2006;2007). Other epidermal structures, such as the salt glands of Armeria maritima (Neumann et al 1995), Avicennia marina (MacFarlane and Burchett, 1999), and Silene vulgaris (Bringezu et al 1999), have been also shown to excrete Ca/metal-containing grains. Accumulation in nonglandular trichomes of several hyperaccumulating plants, including Arabidopsis halleri (Küpper et al 2000;Sarret et al 2000;Zhao et al 2000), Alyssum sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of metal exudates from tobacco glandular trichomes under heavy metal stresses using a variable pressure scanning electron microscopy system

Harada

Choi

2008

Plant Biotechnology

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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was recently shown to detoxify heavy metals by exudation of metals as a metalsubstituted calcite (calcium carbonate) through leaf trichomes. In this paper, we describe the applications of the variablepressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) system to investigate tobacco trichomes exudates after heavy metal treatment. An energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) system fitted to VP-SEM revealed that the exudates contain amounts of heavy metals. Overexpression of cysteine synthase confers cadmium (Cd) tolerance to tobacco, and the endogenous concentration of Cd was 20% less in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. We evaluated the numbers of trichomes on the leaf surfaces of wild-type and transgenic plants using VP-SEM. The numbers of both long and short trichomes in the transgenic plants were 25% higher than in that of wild-type plants, indicating the active excretion of Cd from trichomes in transgenic plants. The VPSEM-EDX system is a powerful tool to investigate plant epidermal structures and functions.Key words: Cadmium, cysteine synthase, trichome, tobacco, variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy.Plant Biotechnology 25, 407-411 (2008) Technical Note a Present address: Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Abbreviation: EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; VP-SEM, variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy This article can be found at

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of metal exudates from tobacco glandular trichomes under heavy metal stresses using a variable pressure scanning electron microscopy system

Harada

Choi

2008

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Other epidermal structures, the salt glands of Armeria maritima (Neumann et al, 1995), Avicennia marina (MacFarlane and Burchett, 1999), and Silene vulgaris (Bringezu et al, 1999), have been shown to excrete Ca/ metal-containing grains. In contrast, nonglandular trichomes of several hyperaccumulating plants, including Arabidopsis halleri (Kü pper et al, 2000;Sarret et al, 2002) and Alyssum sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trichomes of Tobacco Excrete Zinc as Zinc-Substituted Calcium Carbonate and Other Zinc-Containing Compounds

et al. 2006

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(S.F., M.A.M.) Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) plants were exposed to toxic levels of zinc (Zn). Zn exposure resulted in toxicity signs in plants, and these damages were partly reduced by a calcium (Ca) supplement. Confocal imaging of intracellular Zn using Zinquin showed that Zn was preferentially accumulated in trichomes. Exposure to Zn and Zn 1 Ca increased the trichome density and induced the production of Ca/Zn mineral grains on the head cells of trichomes. These grains were aggregates of submicrometer-sized crystals and poorly crystalline material and contained Ca as major element, along with subordinate amounts of Zn, manganese, potassium, chlorine, phosphorus, silicon, and magnesium. Micro x-ray diffraction revealed that the large majority of the grains were composed essentially of metal-substituted calcite (CaCO 3 ). CaCO 3 polymorphs (aragonite and vaterite) and CaC 2 O 4 (Ca oxalate) mono-and dihydrate also were identified, either as an admixture to calcite or in separate grains. Some grains did not diffract, although they contained Ca, suggesting the presence of amorphous form of Ca. The presence of Zn-substituted calcite was confirmed by Zn K-edge micro-extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Zn bound to organic compounds and Zn-containing silica and phosphate were also identified by this technique. The proportion of Zn-substituted calcite relative to the other species increased with Ca exposure. The production of Zn-containing biogenic calcite and other Zn compounds through the trichomes is a novel mechanism involved in Zn detoxification. This study illustrates the potential of laterally resolved x-ray synchrotron radiation techniques to study biomineralization and metal homeostasis processes in plants.Smoking of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves is one of the principal routes of exposure to heavy metals. Metals contained in tobacco leaves originate from root uptake and transfer to the shoots and also from deposition of aerosol particles on the leaves (Fleisher and Parungo, 1974). Efforts have been made to minimize toxic metal contents in the leaves (LugonMoulin et al., 2004). However, this is not the case for counterfeit tobacco products, which contain higher concentrations of metals than their genuine equivalents (Stephens et al., 2005). Besides its primary application for leaf production, tobacco is also a candidate for phytoextraction. Although this plant species is not a hyperaccumulator, it has several advantages, including a high biomass, moderate soil requirements, fast growth rate, and ease of harvesting. For this particular application, research is conducted with the aim of enhancing metal accumulation in the shoots (Song et al., 2003).Little is known about the mechanisms of metals accumulation and detoxification in tobacco. The exposure of plants to high concentrations of metals generally induces a stress, whose visible symptoms include an inhibition of root elongation, a decrease in shoot growth, leaf chlorosis, and necrosis of the tissues. This stress is ge...

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“…Further negative charge was produced by the dissociation of uronic acid residues, and more Cu 2+ would be adsorbed. Hence, much higher tolerance to Cu would be achieved in the plants which can adsorb metals on cell walls (Nishizono et al 1987;Branquinho et al 1997;Bringezu et al 1999). Our present study showed that the uronic acid content was higher in the roots of S. sudanense from the 5-50 μmol L -1 Cu treatments than that from the 0.32 μmol L -1…”

Section: In Order To Study Possible Different Cu Tolerance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The roots of some species secrete organic compounds that can bind heavy metals, thereby reducing their uptake into root cells (Hall 2002). Some plant species can hold heavy metals in cell walls (Neumann et al 1995;Bringezu et al 1999;Lou et al 2004;Konno et al 2005), thereby reducing their translocation to shoots. These metal exclusion characteristics make these plants much safer for animals and human beings relying on plant materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Accumulation and Tolerance in Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and Sorghum sudanense L.

Wei

Luo

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Heavy Metal Tolerance of Silene vulgaris

Cited by 119 publications

References 23 publications

Investigation of metal exudates from tobacco glandular trichomes under heavy metal stresses using a variable pressure scanning electron microscopy system

Investigation of metal exudates from tobacco glandular trichomes under heavy metal stresses using a variable pressure scanning electron microscopy system

Trichomes of Tobacco Excrete Zinc as Zinc-Substituted Calcium Carbonate and Other Zinc-Containing Compounds

Copper Accumulation and Tolerance in Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and Sorghum sudanense L.

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