Heavy metals and living systems: An overview

Singh, Reena; Gautam, Neetu; Mishra, Anurag; Gupta, Rajiv

doi:10.4103/0253-7613.81505

Cited by 1,165 publications

(533 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The decreased glucose may be due to nephritic tissue abnormality or may result from increased rate of glycolysis and excessive metabolism in various vital organs including liver to make up the high energy demand for attenuating the toxic effect of chromium. This is supported by the fact that heavy metal toxicity has the retrogressive effect on compelling metabolic pathways in various experimental animals [39,40]. It is further noted that the glycogen depletion is maximum in the high dose exposed group that might be a contributory factor for replenishment of the loss of blood glucose level following exposure to chromium.…”

Section: Shil and Palmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hexavalent Chromium Induced Alteration of Carbohydrate Bioenergetics: A Dose-dependent Study

Shil

Pal

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: This study was conducted to observe the dose-dependent effect of Cr (VI) on certain aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in mice with four different doses, viz., 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg b.w., respectively, for 30 days of exposure.Methods: Blood glucose, glycogen content, and pyruvic acid of liver tissue were determined to evaluate the glycolytic activity. Enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were measured to determine the tricarboxylic acid cycle function. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ubiquinone C oxidoreductase activity was estimated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative phosphorylation pathway with dose-dependent chromium exposure. Total protein, free amino acid nitrogen, and transaminase enzyme activity were also measured.Results: Chromium exposure caused marked depletion of blood glucose and liver glycogen contents in a dose-dependent manner. The activities of IDH, succinate dehydrogenase, and MDH were significantly altered in a dose-specific manner by chromium exposure. Relevant exhaustion of glycolytic substrates was noted in the form of reduced pyruvate content in hepatocytes following chromium exposure. In addition, the treatment caused elevation of free amino nitrogen associated with depletion of total protein content and elevated transaminase enzyme activities in hepatocytes. Significant alteration of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone C oxidoreductase activity was also noted. Conclusion:By analyzing the observed results, it can be suggested that Cr (VI) exerts hypoglycemic and glycogenolytic effects associated with alteration of citric acid cycle and electron transport pathways in hepatocytes in a dose-specific manner thus resulting in serious alteration in the carbohydrate bioenergetics and mitochondrial energy generation in hepatic cells.

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Section: Shil and Palmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hexavalent Chromium Induced Alteration of Carbohydrate Bioenergetics: A Dose-dependent Study

Shil

Pal

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…A small part remains in muscle and nervous tissues, and its accumulation has been associated with several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiac dysfunction (SINGH et al, 2011). Other symptoms of As intoxication include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in urine, seizures, coma and death, which can be confused with diseases such as cholera and pneumonia (HUGHES, 2011;TELLEZ-PLAZA, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in Yerba mate commercialized in Southern Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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“Mate” or “Yerba Mate” (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native South American plant, commonly consumed in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil. Recent research has detected the presence of many vitamins and metals in this plant. Theses metals are also part of yerba mate’s mineral composition, due to soil and water contamination by pesticides and fertilizers, coal and oil combustion, vehicle emissions, mining, smelting, refining and the incineration of urban and industrial waste. Regardless of their origin, some inorganic elements, such as arsenic, cadmium and lead, are considered toxic, since they accumulate in all plant tissues and are, thus, introduced into the food chain. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine and compare arsenic, cadmium, lead concentrations in 104 samples of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) marketed, and consumed in three southern Brazilian States, namely Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Each element was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), on a Nexion 300D equipment (Perkin Elmer). As, Cd and Pb concentrations in yerba mate leaves ranged from 0.015 to 0.15mg kg-1, 0.18 to 1.25mg kg-1 and 0.1 to 1.20mg kg-1, respectively. Regarding Cd, 84% of the samples from RS, 63% from PR and 75% from SC showed higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limit of 0.4mg kg-1 established by the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), while 7% of the samples from RS and 5% from PR were unsatisfactory for Pb. Concentrations were below the established ANVISA limit of 0.6mg kg-1 for all samples.

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“…Besides the fact that antioxidant systems composed of antioxidants and specific enzymes, are being studied extensively, still some important intrinsic mechanisms and characteristics about this network remain unknown (47)(48)(49)(50). The stress that heavy metals have on antioxidant system and plant cell is presented on Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Heavy Metals On Antioxidant Activity In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals and their general toxicity for plants

Ackova

2018

Plant Sci. Today

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Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, and their toxicity is a serious problem of great concern for environmental, ecological, nutritional and toxicological reasons. Metals can affected long list of physiological and biochemical processes in plants and their toxicity varies with plant species, particular metal, metal concentration and it chemical form. Throughout the world, researches have been conducted extensive investigations to determine the effects of toxic heavy metals on plants. The process is still going on and the need of intensification of the research programmes for better understanding of heavy metal toxicity is evident.

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Heavy metals and living systems: An overview

Cited by 1,165 publications

References 35 publications

Hexavalent Chromium Induced Alteration of Carbohydrate Bioenergetics: A Dose-dependent Study

Hexavalent Chromium Induced Alteration of Carbohydrate Bioenergetics: A Dose-dependent Study

Arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in Yerba mate commercialized in Southern Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Heavy metals and their general toxicity for plants

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