Heavy metals and pain in the dysfunctional patient

Abstract

SummaryAims. The aim of this research is to verify the quality and quantity of heavy metals (HM) of dental origin in TMD patients. Methods. A population of 100 subject was studied and divided in two homogeneous groups: Study Group (SG) and Control Group (CG). Organism heavy metals were tested by a spot sampling method in which the first urine of the day, through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), were analyzed. The results obtained were compared with reference values (RV) of Italian people. Descriptive statistical analysis and student's t-test has been applied (statistical significance for p > 0.05). Results. The SG presented the absolute highest levels of HM compared to the CG (p=0.787). As regards the relation between pain and HM, the subjects that refer "severe/very severe" values of pain present the highest levels of HM in urines. Conclusions. The obtained results seem to highlight a possible direct proportionality between the level of pain the increase of the concentration of heavy metals in all the examined groups and subgroups.

From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: A Review of Current Periodontal/Mucogingival Regenerative Biomaterials

“…Aminogam Gingival Gel (Errekappa Euroterapici SpA, Milan, Italy) is a hydrogel formulation that contains amino acids, specifically glycine, leucine, proline, and lysine, within a sodium hyaluronate carrier. [ 238,239 ] Aminogam has been found to have multiple beneficial effects on wound healing, accelerating the healing process, promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts, stimulating angiogenesis and the release of VEGF by fibroblasts, and enhancing the expression of TGF‐β and IL‐6. [ 239–241 ] Amino acids play a significant role in wound healing by contributing to collagenogenesis and forming the extracellular matrix.…”

“…Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF-2) in a hydroxypropyl cellulose carrier (3%) [129,139,164,201,205,206] HyaDENT BG Bioscience GmbH, Germany Cross-linked HA-HA gel composed of a mixture of cross-linked (1.6%) and natural (0.2%) hyaluronic acid [149,222] Gengigel Ricerfarma, Italy Water, 7.5% xylitol and excipients, 0.8% Sodium hyaluronate with pH of 6.5 ± 0.5 (20 °C) [158,227,[232][233][234] Ossigel Orquest, Inc., USA 4 mg mL −1 of Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor type 2 (rhFGF-2) in a sodium hyaluronate (MW 1.39 MDa) carrier [235] Aminogam Errekappa Euroterapici SpA, Italy Glycine, leucine, proline, and lysine within a sodium hyaluronate carrier [238,241,242] Being bioactive, this material can form a strong bond between the glass and the host bone through hydroxyapatite crystals. [119] Moreover, bioactive glasses display exceptional biocompatibility, adaptability to clinical features, and antibacterial properties.…”

“…[ 242 ] In a randomized split‐mouth clinical trial conducted by Bevilacqua et al, eleven patients with chronic periodontitis were treated with ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation either alone (Control group) or in combination with the subgingival application of Aminogam (Test group). [ 238 ] After 90 days, the probing pocket depth reduction was significantly greater in the test group (6.14 ± 0.44 mm to 4.64 ± 0.54 mm) than in the control group (from 6.36 ± 0.50 mm to 5.36 ± 0.57 mm), suggesting that Aminogam is effective in soft tissue regeneration. [ 238 ] Nonetheless, it should be considered that the clinical literature about Aminogam is scarce.…”

“…[ 238 ] After 90 days, the probing pocket depth reduction was significantly greater in the test group (6.14 ± 0.44 mm to 4.64 ± 0.54 mm) than in the control group (from 6.36 ± 0.50 mm to 5.36 ± 0.57 mm), suggesting that Aminogam is effective in soft tissue regeneration. [ 238 ] Nonetheless, it should be considered that the clinical literature about Aminogam is scarce.…”