Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Leaf Litter Designated for Combustion

Nitsche, Meike; Nurmatov, Nodirjon; Hensgen, Frank; Wachendorf, M.

doi:10.3390/en10030298

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results of the current study showed that the individual PAHs concentrations were attributed to combustion activities, due to the predominance of low molecular weight PAHs (with 2–3 ring PAHs) in the two factories which arise from un-combusted petroleum products and combustion processes. These results were in agreement with Nitsche et al ( 2017 ) who found that LMW-PAHs originated from low-temperature combustion processes, while HMW-PAHs result from high-temperature combustion processes. In addition, Patel et al ( 2020 ) stated that incomplete combustion is the main source of PAH emissions by various industrial activities such as aluminum production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lung cancer risk in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on the role of DNA repair gene

Moubarz

Saad-Hussein

Shahy

et al. 2022

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objective Workers in secondary aluminum production plants are occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We aimed to monitor the concentrations of PAHs in air and in serum of workers at two secondary aluminum production plants. We also investigated the potential risk of lung cancer development among PAHs exposed workers with emphasis on the role of A1AT mutation and APEX1 gene polymorphisms. Methods This study included 177 workers from administrative departments and production lines. Blood samples were obtained for estimation of benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide albumin adduct (BPDE-Alb adduct), anti-Cyclin-B1 marker (CCNB1) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg). Genes’ polymorphism for human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APEX1) and alpha-1-anti-trypsin (A1AT) gene mutation were detected. Results There was a significant increase in the level of BPDE-Alb adduct among exposed workers in comparison to non-exposed group. Moreover, 41.67% of exposed workers in El Tebbin had BPDE-Alb adduct level ≥ 15 ng/ml versus 29.6% of workers in Helwan factory. There was a significant increase in tumor markers (SCCAg and CCNB1) among workers whose BPDE-Alb adduct ≥ 15 ng/ml. There was a significant increase in the level of BPDE-Alb adducts in exposed workers carrying homozygous APEX1 genotype Glu/Glu. Furthermore, exposed workers with the Glu/Glu genotype had high tumor markers levels. There was a significant increase in levels of BPDE-Alb adducts in workers carrying A1AT mutant allele. Moreover, workers with mutant A1AT genotype had significantly high tumor markers (SCCAg and CCNB1) levels. Conclusion Therefore, we conclude that aluminum workers may be at a potential risk of lung cancer development due to PAHs exposure. Although PAHs concentrations in air were within the permissible limits, yet evidence of DNA damage was present as expressed by high BPDE-albumin adduct level in exposed workers. Also, elevation of tumor markers (SCCAg and CCNB1) in exposed workers points to the importance of periodic biological monitoring of such workers to protect them from cancer risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Lung cancer risk in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on the role of DNA repair gene

Moubarz

Saad-Hussein

Shahy

et al. 2022

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…In this study ratios were 0.8 and 1.2.Meanwhile, high molecular weights PAHs (HMW-PAHs) are usually released from pyrogenic sources including coal combustion and vehicular emissions(Kumar et al, 2020). The results of the present study were in agreement withNitsche et al (2017), which indicated that LMW-PAHs were mostly originated from low-temperature combustion processes. While, HMW-PAHs were mostly originated from high-temperature combustion processes (such as industrial activities or combustion of agriculture wastes).An earlier studies found a debate about occupational exposure to BAP; as a higher risk for development of fatal ischemic heart disease.…”

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confidence: 75%

Evaluation of the impacts of occupational exposure to PM and PAH on cardiovascular problems in wastewater treatment plant workers

Saad-Hussein

Beshir

Shaheen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Workers in wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) are at high risk of developing various infections and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Aims of the study were estimation of the concentrations of 16 EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matters (PM) with different sizes in air of WWTP, and prediction of CVDs to evaluate the potential risk of developing CVDs in the WWTP workers due to their occupational exposures, in addition to identification of the CVDs` risky work tasks. Methodology: PM concentrations, and wind rose plots for meteorological data, were monitored for 24 months. Estimation of the individual PAHs in suspended particulate matter samples and identification of sources were done. Cross-sectional study was done on 142 male workers from WWTP. All participants were subjected to occupational and medical questionnaire, electrocardiogram (ECG), and measurement of blood pressure. Serum APO-A, APO-B, APO-E, and Lipoprotein α (Lpα) were estimated for all participants. Results The annual mean concentrations of PM (PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) were lower than Egyptian limit. EPA 16 PAHs were detected in all samples, lower molecular weight PAHs were the most predominant PAHs. The most predominant wind direction was from North-West; as the selected WWPT is placed downwind to the surrounding areas. Fifty percent of the workers were complaining of dyspnea. About 30.9% of the workers were found to be hypertensive; the majority of them were from the operator department. ECG abnormalities were found in 18.3% of the workers mainly among operators (23.95%). Ventricular extra systole was the highest prevalent detected ECG abnormality followed by left ventricular enlargement. APO-B and APO-B/APO-A ratio were significantly higher in operator workers compared to the administrators and laboratory workers. While, APO-E was significantly lower in operator workers compared to the administrators and laboratory workers. Conclusion PM2.5 and PM1 and PAH exposure maybe associated with potential risk of developing CVD in the exposed WWTP workers. The main sources of PAHs in the WWTP could be the fuel used for the machines in the operator department, as the treatment process occurs in the WWTP contribute to high concentrations of PM and its PAHs, but the most contributed sources were found to be from the surrounding areas. The use of APO-B or APO-B/APO-A holds a promising biomarkers for evaluating cardiovascular disease risk.

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“…As a third possible explanation for the increased Cu and Fe concentrations in the press cake, it has to be considered that these elements might not be released as easy as the other minerals into the press fluid and might be retained in the solid phase. However, bare washing of leaf litter biomass showed a clear decrease in Cu concentration [16]. Additional research is required to fully understand why Fe and Cu concentrations increase in the press cake.…”

Section: Elemental Composition Of Silage and Press Cakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two replicates of pure inoculum were digested separately to subtract the methane yield of the inoculum from the total methane produced in inoculated samples and thereby calculate the actual yield from the sample. Biogas was collected in gas-proof bags, and volume was measured with a wet drum gas meter (TG5; Ritter Apparatebau GmbH, Bochum, Germany) at Digestion Days 1,2,3,4,7,9,11,14,16,18,and 21 for press fluids and additionally on Days 24, 28, 31 and 35 for silage. While digesting, samples were stirred every 3 h for 15 min with a U-shaped stirrer driven by a 12 V direct current motor.…”

Section: Anaerobic Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Grass Cuttings from Sports Fields for Anaerobic Digestion and Combustion

2017

Self Cite

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Sports fields provide a recreation space for citizens, but also generate grass biomass, which is cut weekly during the main seasons and therefore could be used in energy generation (combustion or anaerobic digestion). To evaluate the technical suitability of the grass cuttings, silage was produced from four sports fields during one vegetation period and investigated for relevant properties. Potential methane yield was determined with batch tests. Mean methane yield was 291.86 l N ·kg −1 VS added (VS, volatile solid). Neutral detergent fiber concentration was low (44.47% DM, dry matter), yet mineral concentration was high in comparison to grass types cut at a lower frequency. Concentrations of Cl, N, and S, which may lead to unfavorable emissions, fouling, and corrosion during combustion, were too high for an unproblematic combustion process. This was still the case even after applying a mineral-reducing pretreatment, which generates a fiber-rich press cake and a press fluid rich in easy soluble substances. Digestion of the press fluid led to methane yields of 340.10 l N ·kg −1 VS added and the press cake had a higher heating value of 19.61 MJ·kg −1 DM, which is close to that of coniferous wood. It can be concluded that biomass from sports fields could be a suitable co-substrate in bio-energy generation.

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Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Leaf Litter Designated for Combustion

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Lung cancer risk in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on the role of DNA repair gene

Lung cancer risk in workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with emphasis on the role of DNA repair gene

Evaluation of the impacts of occupational exposure to PM and PAH on cardiovascular problems in wastewater treatment plant workers

Using Grass Cuttings from Sports Fields for Anaerobic Digestion and Combustion

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