Heavy Metals Distribution, Magnetic Properties, Source Apportionment, and Potential Risks in Urban Street Dust of Northwest China

Ma, Xiaoyi; Xia, Dunsheng; Chen, Peiyuan; Qiao, Yu; Liu, Xingyin

doi:10.1007/s11270-023-06132-y

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Eleven perennial-settled dust samples were collected from the Buddha Terrace, Buddha statues, central pillar, painted sculpture, and murals (referred to as statue dust), and nine dust samples were collected from the cave floor, corners, pathway, and hearth (referred to as floor dust). Additionally, 12 street-dust samples and many topsoil samples collected in the Mogao Grottoes Square, the staff apartment area, and Dunhuang City from Ma et al [68] were used as outdoor dust for comparative study. Each sample was divided into four equal amounts and filtered using nylon screens with mesh sizes of 150 μm, 250 μm, 1 mm, and 2 mm for analyzing the particle size distribution, magnetic parameters, in vitro experiments, WSIs, heavy metal concentrations, and basic properties.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total concentrations of heavy metals in the digested solutions were determined using an ICP-MS (Agilent 7700X) (Table S1), and all chemicals used were provided by the Beijing Chemical Reagent Institute of Analytical Grade. Certified reference materials (GBW-07408: GSS-8) were used to confirm and validate the analysis of soil chemical composition [43,68]. The instrument detection limit was 0.001 μg L -1 for all targeted metals.…”

Section: Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro simulation testing of PBET was conducted in the gastric and intestinal phases by referring to the literature [43,68,69]. The 1 L gastric digests comprised 0.5 g sodium citrate, 0.5 g sodium malate, 1.25 g pepsin, 0.5 mL acetic acid, and 0.420 mL lactic acid.…”

Section: In Vitro Simulation Testing Of Pbetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLI for each sample was calculated based on the CF. PLI was classified into 6 categories, and I geo was classified into 7 categories [38,68,72]. These two indices are classified in much the same way [68]: uncontaminated (0 < PLI ≤ 1 ; I geo ≤ 0); Indoor Air moderately to uncontaminated (1 < PLI ≤ 2 ; 0 < I geo ≤ 1); moderately contaminated (2 < PLI ≤ 3 ; 1 < I geo ≤ 2); moderately to heavily contaminated (3 < PLI ≤ 4 ; 2 < I geo ≤ 3); heavily contaminated (4 < PLI ≤ 5 ; 3 < I geo ≤ 4); heavily to extremely polluted ð4 < I geo ≤ 5Þ; and extremely contaminated (PLI > 5 ; I geo > 5).…”

Section: In Vitro Simulation Testing Of Pbetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2023

Indoor Air

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The direct ingestion of indoor dust particles at historical heritage sites is a primary exposure pathway for employees to heavy metals. Water-soluble ions (WSIs) and heavy metal levels, sources, bioaccessibility, and health risks associated with indoor dust in the Mogao Grottoes were analyzed using comprehensive methods to determine the differences in the concentrations and distribution characteristics of WSIs and heavy metals between statue dust and floor dust. The concentrations of WSIs and heavy metals and the magnetic values of χ lf and SIRM in indoor dust were higher than those in street dust and topsoil. The mean χ lf and SIRM of statue dust particles were 100.3 × 10 − 8 m 3 k g − 1 and 1686.9 × 1 0 − 5 Am 2 k g − 1 . Specifically, the concentration of Pb was 277 mg k g − 1 , 15-fold higher than the background value, indicating the continual receipt of heavy metals with high magnetic minerals during dust deposition. WSIs mainly originate from the weathering of surrounding rocks and earthen plaster; Pb originates from the shedding of paint of murals and sculptures; and Zn, Cu, and magnetic minerals originate from traffic sources. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals is high in the gastrointestinal phases of indoor dust. Overall, the health risks posed by heavy metals in indoor dust were low, with moderate to high risks in individual caves. Ingestion presents the highest noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to employees. These results provide essential knowledge on indoor dust characteristics in the Mogao Grottoes, facilitating strategies for dust pollution mitigation and employee health risk control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Simulation Testing Of Pbetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Simulation Testing Of Pbetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2023

Indoor Air

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“…The composition of rainwater depends on the particulate or gaseous atmospheric constituents emitted by natural or anthropogenic sources locally or transported from distant sources (Rao et al, 2016;Majumdar & Adhikaryb, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Ma et al, 2023). Consequently, the composition of rainfall can be both spatially and temporally variable across different environmental settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater chemistry of a developing urban-industrial metropolis in Southeast Nigeria

Ekwere

2023

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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Rainwater (RW) over the Calabar metropolis was analyzed to establish its chemistry, influences, and agricultural suitability. Sampling was done in the rainy and dry seasonal cycles for three years (2018–2020). pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and major ions (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42-) were registered and the principal component analysis (PCA) and ionic ratios were used to establish relationships between ionic species and project their sources. RW suitability for agriculture was determined by calculating the sodium and magnesium absorption ratios. Results indicated a relative abundance trend of cations towards Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ while HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- was the trend for anions. pH varied from 6.1 to 7.8 (mean = 6.60). This and the EC reflected influences from atmospheric gases and in-cloud dissolved solids. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) of ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, HCO3-, SO42-, and Cl-) was 246 eq/l in the rainy season and 198 eq/l in the dry season indicating low-moderate atmospheric pollution. Wet deposition (WD) fluxes for total ionic contents in RW were higher in the rainy season indicating the impact of rainfall. The PCA and the ionic ratios showed that the ionic concentrations were of crustal and marine origins predominantly. RW chemical characteristics in the study area compared with the concentration ranges of other local and global locations with similar geologic settings and low to moderate pollution indices showed close similarity. The RW assessment for agricultural use based on sodium and magnesium absorption ratios indicated good levels of suitability.

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Spatial distribution characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in park dust in the Mianyang urban area, China

Du,

Lu,

Han

2024

Environ Geochem Health

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Heavy Metals Distribution, Magnetic Properties, Source Apportionment, and Potential Risks in Urban Street Dust of Northwest China

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China

Water-Soluble Ions and Heavy Metal Levels, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk of Indoor Dust in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang, China

Rainwater chemistry of a developing urban-industrial metropolis in Southeast Nigeria

Spatial distribution characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal(loid)s in park dust in the Mianyang urban area, China

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