Heavy metals in agricultural crops of Rostov region through the example of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Abstract

In recent decades, the problem of an annually increasing level of anthropogenic impact on the environment has become increasingly important. One of the most dangerous pollutants entering the environment from industrial emissions is heavy metals. This type of pollutant is not subject to biodegradation over time, due to which they accumulate in environmental objects in dangerous concentrations. The resistance of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) of the Myatlikovy family (Poaceae) to aerotechnogenic pollution in the soil and climatic conditions of southern Russia was studied. The content of heavy metals in this culture growing in the impact zone of Novocherskasskaya power plant is analyzed. The pollution with Pb, Zn, Ni and Cd was established. The average and close correlation was established between the total content and the content of mobile forms of HM in the soil and their content in wheat plants. For the studied plants, the accumulation coefficient (AC) and distribution coefficient (DC) of TM were calculated. The values of the coefficients showed a significant accumulation of elements by plants from the soil, as well as their translocation from the root system to the aboveground part.

Nanotechnology in the Restoration of Polluted Soil

“…The existence of HMs in the soil affects crops and vegetation, their nutritional quality, and the ecological aspects associated with them. The effect of HMs on crops varies depending on the crop species, soil physicochemical characteristics, and HM type [ 51 ]. The general mechanism of toxicity exerted by HMs on crop plants includes ROS generation, which affects the cell organelles, macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and other components of the plant’s structure and function [ 51 , 52 ].…”

“…The effect of HMs on crops varies depending on the crop species, soil physicochemical characteristics, and HM type [ 51 ]. The general mechanism of toxicity exerted by HMs on crop plants includes ROS generation, which affects the cell organelles, macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and other components of the plant’s structure and function [ 51 , 52 ]. It has also been reported to affect respiration and photosynthesis, reduce enzyme activities, elevate oxidative stress, reduce biomass, diminish crop yield, and affect the abundance, activity, diversity, and genetic makeups of useful soil microflora [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil through green nanotechnology

“…For example, by amending Cu-contaminated soil with natural soil, it can disturb normal growth processes in plants by adversely affecting biochemical reactions and physiological processes (Saleem et al, 2020a). The damage caused by HM varies according to the plant species, type of heavy metal and physio-chemical properties (Chaplygin et al, 2021). Some studies also suggest that the HM contaminated soil hampers various biological process of plants and microflora including their diversity, abundance and genetic makeup (Rajput et al, 2022).…”

Feasibility of sewage sludge application in rice-wheat cropping system

“…However, SS also contains some amount of heavy metals and organic pollutants that can adversely affect soil micro-organisms (Seleiman et al, 2020). Furthermore, the toxic elements move through the food chain due to their uptake and accumulation by crops, posing a possible threat to human health as well (Jatav et al, 2016;Singh and Singh, 2020;2021). The worlds' population is increasing and concentrating in urban areas.…”