Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

Asrari, Elham

doi:10.1201/b16566-7

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The pollution of soil from heavy metals is an alarming environmental issue, with serious effects on humans and animals (Ikenaka et al, 2010). Cadmium is one of the most important heavy metals, being poisonous at low concentrations (Lombi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-mediated growth of rice in cadmium-contaminated soil

Farooq¹,

Asghar²,

Khan³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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Pollution from heavy metals is a global problem that is very dangerous to the environment. Among the heavy metals, cadmium is receiving more and more attention because it is one of the most ecotoxic, making it very harmful for biological activity in soil, biodiversity, plant metabolism, and human and animal health. Phytohormones, produced by plants, control or regulate germination, growth, metabolism, or other physiological activities, and they can alleviate the toxic effects of heavy metals on plant growth. Auxin is the most abundant natural growth hormone, controlling apical dominance, tropism, elongation of shoots, and initiation of roots in plants. However, cadmium stress causes the degradation of indigenous auxin. To cope with this, auxin may be applied exogenously. To evaluate the role of auxin in cadmium -contaminated soil, different levels of the auxin precursor L-TRP were applied to plants growing in contaminated soil. Rice seedlings were dipped in a L-TRP solution for 2 h and transplanted into potted soil contaminated with 30 mg kg -1 cadmium. The results showed that the exogenous application of L-TRP improved the growth and yield of treated plants both in normal and contaminated soil. The data of different parameters showed that L-TRP enhanced plant height (12.54%), the number of tillers (25.53%), the number of panicles (19.04%), the 1000 grain weight (19.28%), and the paddy yield (11.78%) in cadmiumcontaminated soil, as compared to plants grown in the absence of L-TRP with the same level of contamination. L-TRP increased the uptake of cadmium in rice straw while decreasing the translocation of cadmium towards grains, as compared to plants grown in contaminated soil without L-TRP. This experiment revealed the possibility of using L-TRP to improve plant growth and soil health in contaminated soil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-mediated growth of rice in cadmium-contaminated soil

Farooq¹,

Asghar²,

Khan³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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“…Studies investigating trace element concentrations have tended to be focused on non-sanitary sources, either the effect of mining (Ikenaka et al 2010;Nachiyunde et al 2013a, b;von der Heyden and New 2004) or waste dumps (Momodu and Anyakora 2010;Yusuf 2007). The main findings from these Solid waste disposal Kassenga and Mbuligwe (2009) studies are summarised in …”

Section: Trace Elements Including Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban groundwater quality in sub-Saharan Africa: current status and implications for water security and public health

et al. 2017

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Groundwater resources are important sources of drinking water in Africa, and they are hugely important in sustaining urban livelihoods and supporting a diverse range of commercial and agricultural activities. Groundwater has an important role in improving health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An estimated 250 million people (40% of the total) live in urban centres across SSA. SSA has experienced a rapid expansion in urban populations since the 1950s, with increased population densities as well as expanding geographical coverage. Estimates suggest that the urban population in SSA will double between 2000 and 2030. The quality status of shallow urban groundwater resources is often very poor due to inadequate waste management and source protection, and poses a significant health risk to users, while deeper borehole sources often provide an important source of good quality drinking water. Given the growth in future demand from this finite resource, as well as potential changes in future climate in this region, a detailed understanding of both water quantity and quality is required to use this resource sustainably. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the water quality status, both microbial and chemical, of urban groundwater in SSA across a range of hydrogeological terrains and different groundwater point types. Lower storage basement terrains, which underlie a significant proportion of urban centres in SSA, are particularly vulnerable to contamination. The relationship between mean nitrate concentration and intrinsic aquifer pollution risk is assessed for urban centres across SSA. Current knowledge gaps are identified and future research needs highlighted.

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“…Pb, Cd, Co and Zn are the major metal pollutants of the roadside environment and are released from the burning of petrol, wearing out of tyres, leakage of oils, and corrosion of batteries and metallic parts etc. (Ikenaka et al 2010). The concentrations of Pb in model organisms reached very high values, exceeding several times the permitted limits (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of air pollution by toxic elements on petrol stations using moss and lichen bag technique

Demková¹,

Baranová²,

Oboňa³

et al. 2017

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The rapid progress of modern society has significantly increased the level of urbanization followed by transport sector development. An increasing number of vehicles has recently directed research on air pollution originating from traffic rather than from industry (Salo and Mäkinen 2014). A lot of authors studied roadside environment to demonstrate that the traffic contributes significantly to heavy metal pollution (Rossi et al. 2015, Motuzas et al. 2016. It has been reported repeatedly that heavy metal concentrations in soils, waters and air have increased with increasing traffic (Lenkeppa et al. 2015).The petrol stations represent places, where the numbers of cars pass through -stop and start again. Starting a vehicle and the first few minutes of driving generate higher emissions because the emissions-control equipment has not yet reached Three moss (Pleurosium spp., Polytrichum spp., Rhytidiadelphus spp.) and two lichen taxa (Hypogymnia physodes L., Pseudevernia furfuracea L.), were exposed for four weeks in six petrol stations, two consecutive years (2015)(2016), in urban area of the Prešov city (Slovakia), to assess accumulation of selected airborne elements Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Significantly highest (P < 0.01) ability to accumulate Zn, Ni, Co and Fe was found in Pleurosium spp.; Pseudevernia furfuracea was determined the best accumulator of Hg, whereas Rhytidiadelphus spp. was found as the least suitable for this purpose. No significant differences in heavy metal accumulation between moss and lichen taxonomic group were found. Samples of conifer (used as a moss/lichen bag holder) showed significantly lower content of heavy metals compared to mosses and lichens. Major content of heavy metals trapped in the air around petrol stations, did not originate from the petrol combustion, but predominantly from the car body, which is mechanically disrupted during fuelling. Assessment of air pollution by toxic elements on petrol stations using moss and lichen bag technique

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Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Auxin-mediated growth of rice in cadmium-contaminated soil

Auxin-mediated growth of rice in cadmium-contaminated soil

Urban groundwater quality in sub-Saharan Africa: current status and implications for water security and public health

Assessment of air pollution by toxic elements on petrol stations using moss and lichen bag technique

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