Heavy metals in horse blood, serum, and feed in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Maia, Leandro; Souza, Maria Verônica de; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves; Fontes, Maurício Paulo Ferreira; Vianna, Matheus Werner de Souza; Luz, Walcrisley Vercelli

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2006.11.007

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Even though data show higher Cu contents in the industrial area, as also observed for pastureraised animals by Maia et al (2006), the mean contents for both areas were close to or within normality range expected for horses, considering 1.04-1.77 µg mL -1 , as defined by Thompson (1992) or considering the 0.5-1.5 μg mL -1 used by Wichert et al (2002). Thus, the results do not show clear effects of industrial activities on the serum Cu contents of horses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Although five horses of this study presented Cd contents higher than the maximum value verified by Bianu (2004), three in non-industrialized area and two in the industrialized one, the concentrations obtained are low and do not merit concern. This evidence contrasts with Erlinder and Piscador (1978), who commented that horses are valuable as models for research on humans, in relation to the effects of Cd on metabolism, and with a study of Maia et al (2006), who indicated the potential of blood Cd contents for bio-indicator of environmental pollution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Heavy metals in equine biological components

2014

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-The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the blood (Pb, Ni and Cd), serum (Cu and Zn) and hair (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Zn) of horses raised in non-industrial and industrial areas (with steel mill), and to verify the possibility to use these data as indicators of environmental pollution. The samples were collected during summer and winter, aiming to verify animal contamination related to environment and season of the year. Copper and Zn contents determined in the serum and Cd and Ni contents obtained in the blood indicated no contamination effects of industries. For some animals, contents of Pb in the blood were higher than those considered acceptable for the species, but without relationship with industrialization and without clinical signs of Pb intoxication. The heavy metals evaluated on the hair of horses in this study were not increased with the presence of industries, but Cu and Cd contents were influenced by the season. The contents of some heavy metals in biological components analyzed were influenced by season sampling; however, serum, blood and hair may not be suitable to indicate differences in environmental contamination between the two contrasting areas. Most part of the heavy metal contents was lower or close to the reference values for horses. Serum, blood and hair components from horses may not be effective as indicators of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Industrialization and seasons have no effects on most part of heavy metals contents from those components.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Heavy metals in equine biological components

2014

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“…The present results showed reference values from 41 to 79 µg/dl in Thoroughbred racehorses. Previous reports have shown various serum zinc levels (mean ± SD), 111 ± 45 µg/ dl (pasture), 170 ± 54 µg/dl (stable) in Thoroughbreds [34], 47 ± 11 µg/dl (pasture), 47 ± 9 µg/dl (stable) in Thorough-breds [6], 65.4 ± 9.8 µg/dl in Icelandic horses [33], 58.8-66.0 µg/dl (pasture) in Icelandic horses [18], 46.0-59.0 µg/dl in Warmbloods [5] and 42.0-87.0 µg/dl in various breds [21]. One reason for this difference may be environmental differences, such as weather, feedstuffs, grazing times, exercise intensity or daily routine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In horses, associations between zinc deficiency and anorexia, reduced growth rate, parakeratosis, alopecia [11], osteochondrosis [10] and white line disease [12] have been reported. Previous studies have reported various equine reference values, including 111.2 ± 45.8 µg/dl on pasture and 170.0 ± 52.3 µg/dl in stable [34], 47 ± 11 µg/dl on pasture and 47 ± 9 µg/dl in stable [6], 58.8-66.0 µg/dl on pasture [18], 65.4 ± 9.8 µg/dl [33], 46.0-59.0 µg/dl [5] and 42.0-87.0 µg/dl [21]. These results suggest large differences in horse management.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Serum Zinc Levels and Their Relationship with Diseases in Racehorses

Murase

Sakai

Kusano

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Zinc is one of the essential microelements involved in the regulation of enzyme activity, as well as metabolism of nucleic acid and proteins. There have been few reports on equine serum zinc concentrations during the training period, and little is known about the relationship between zinc levels and diseases in horses. In this study, we measured serum zinc levels in healthy Thoroughbred racehorses, as well as in other horses, under general disease or training conditions. The reference value for serum zinc levels in Thoroughbred horses was 41-79 μg/dl. There were no differences in serum zinc levels due to sex or age. Significant decreases in serum zinc levels were observed after training, but serum zinc levels did not vary with intensity of sweating. Serum zinc levels were lower in horses clinically diagnosed as having shipping fever (36.3 ± 2.7 μg/dl), fever (45.3 ± 3.0 μg/dl) and cellulitis (44.0 ± 3.4 μg/dl), as compared to control values (59.7 ± 9.7 μg/dl). They also tended to decrease in experimentally infected horses one day after inoculation. Changes in serum zinc levels reached nadir one day after surgical invasion, except for a horse that experienced complicating shock. These results suggest that zinc is a serological indicator of inflammatory status in Thoroughbred horses.

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“…The difference between the ranges of what is essential and what is toxic for the body is often very small. Also certain metal ions, e.g., cadmium and lead, play toxic roles in biochemical reactions on our body (Maia et al 2006;Efendioglu et al 2007;Saeed et al 2007). For most people diet is the main route of exposure to trace metals, so information about dietary intake is also important to assess risks to human health for these elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal contents of refined and unrefined table salts from Turkey, Egypt and Greece

Soylak

Peker

Türkoğlu

2007

Environ Monit Assess

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Trace metal contents of 28 of refined and unrefined table salt samples from Turkey, Egypt and Greece have been determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after coprecipitation by dysprosium(III) hydroxide. Copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, lead and cadmium levels were found in the range of 0.17-0.47, 0.16-1.57, 0.22-0.48, 0.26-4.68, 0.50-1.64 and 0.14-0.30 microg g(-1), respectively. The results found in the presented work were compared with literature values.

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Heavy metals in horse blood, serum, and feed in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Heavy metals in equine biological components

Heavy metals in equine biological components

Serum Zinc Levels and Their Relationship with Diseases in Racehorses

Heavy metal contents of refined and unrefined table salts from Turkey, Egypt and Greece

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