Heavy Metals in Indian Traditional Systems of Medicine: A Systematic Scoping Review and Recommendations for Integrative Medicine Practice

Mukhopadhyay, Sanchari; Abraham, Shalu Elizabeth; Holla, Bharath; Ramakrishna, Kishore Kr; Gopalakrishna, Kamala Lakshmi; Soman, Akhila; Chikkanna, Umesh; Bharath, M. M. Srinivas; Bhargav, Hemant; Varambally, Shivarama; Gangadhar, Bangalore N.

doi:10.1089/acm.2021.0083

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium could be linked to water used in irrigation, polluted soils, fertilizers and pesticides, industrial emissions, transportation, and harvesting and storage processes (28). The heavy metals in Churnas can be due to adulteration or inappropriate manufacturing practices (29). It may also be due to improper storage conditions across all herbal shops, retail pharmacies, and provisional stores.…”

Section: Table 1: Results Of Heavy Metals Found In Herbal Churna Of D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbial Contamination of Selected Herbal Churna Marketed Formulations

James¹,

Panchal²

2022

IJAM

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Herbal formulations are popular in India and across the world due to their medicinal properties. Churna is powdered formulations that are consumed widely due to their low cost and ease of administration. Brahmi Churna, Satavari Churna, and Jethimadh churna of 3 different brand manufacturers were procured from the local market. The main objective of the study is the determination of heavy metals and microbiological evaluation as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy was performed for the detection of heavy metals. Microbial evaluation was done as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. The heavy metal content of 7 out of 9 samples complies with the test for heavy metals. Two samples of Shatavari Churna were above the permissible limit of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. The microbial study showed all samples within the allowable limits of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. Brahmi Churna and Jethimadh Churna were found to be safe for human consumption. Quality checks of Shatavari churna should be performed to ensure the heavy metals are within the permissible limit.

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Section: Table 1: Results Of Heavy Metals Found In Herbal Churna Of D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbial Contamination of Selected Herbal Churna Marketed Formulations

James¹,

Panchal²

2022

IJAM

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“…Before the invention of written writing around 5,000 BC, many practices were transmitted orally. The Caraka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, which are the foundational works on Ayurvedic medicine, provide descriptions of internal medicine, surgery, treatment of head and neck diseases, toxicology, psychiatry, sexual vitality, rejuvenation, care of the elderly, gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatrics [9].…”

Section: Ayurvedamentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering, Science, and Management

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Medicines are substances that are used to treat, identify, and prevent disease and illness. The ancient civilization of India fostered the growth of numerous medical systems. India offers both the allopathic medical system and the traditional Indian medical system. In addition to one type of allopathy, India has five distinct traditional medicinal systems in use: Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy. In developing countries, traditional medicine is becoming increasingly popular, especially in rural areas. Ayurveda, which translates as "the science of life," is a holistic medical strategy that emphasizes keeping one's body, mind, and spirit in good shape. The three doshas (constitutional types) are the basis of ayurvedic doctrine, and the patient's constitution is more heavily considered during diagnosis and treatment. Astrology and incantation are also used in Siddha medicine. Tamil Nadu, India's most southern state, uses it the most commonly. In addition to mineral or metallic medications, adjuvants (like honey, ghee, milk, betel leaf juice, and hot water) are frequently administered. Clean air, food, water, physical movement and rest, psychological movement and rest, sleep and alertness, and the retention of beneficial materials and outflow of waste materials from the body are the six elements of illness prevention and health promotion. With origins in the Reformation, homoeopathy in Germany enjoyed a golden age in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1995, the Department of Homeopathy and Indian Systems of Medicine was established. One of the objectives of the organization is to develop standards for Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, and homoeopathic medicines. Folk knowledge about the traditional application of herbal remedies is very prevalent in ethnic cultures. People become physically and psychologically weaker when they don't take their medication, which makes them more susceptible to contracting new ailments. In addition to allopathy, India has five additional traditional medical systems. Among these are Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy.

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“…Health Indices (HIs) Estimation: To assess contribution of Fe, Pb, Cd, As and Cu to the noncancerous illnesses that could emerge from ingesting the herbal drugs, health indices (HIs) were estimated as summation of hazard quotient (HQ) connected to each metal as done in similar studies 40 using equation 4 . The health indices were estimated to reflect the additive effect of the manifold heavy metals in the herbal drugs as presented in analogous studies 31,32 .…”

Section: Hazard Quotient (Hq) Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2022

IJPSR

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This study looked at heavy metal levels in selected registered herbal drugs of Asian and unregistered Ghanaian herbal drugs sold in Kumasi. It examined the health risks of the metals. It provided authorities with data to ensure that herbal drugs are strictly monitored and their metal levels evaluated to safeguard patrons' health. Dry ashing method was used on 10g of each of the herbal drug samples. Ashes were digested at 95 ºC with 70% HNO 3 and 70% HClO 4 (2:5v/v), and then metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Asian drugs recorded 27.42E-01 mg/kg (Fe), 28.17E-0 4 mg/kg (Pb), 27.43E-0 4 mg/kg, 12.06E-06E-0 2 mg/kg (As) and 79.72E-0 2 mg/kg (Cu) whilst the Ghanaian drugs recorded mean levels of 15.43E-01 mg/kg (Fe), 24.99E-02 mg/kg (Pb), 16.04E-03 mg/kg, 47.70E-0 4 mg/kg (AS) and 12.37E-0 4 mg/kg. Metal levels in drugs were below WHO and Pharmacopeia (China) permitted levels. HI and HQ were below 1, indicating that risk linked to the metals were acceptable. INTRODUCTION:Globally, approximately 80% of the population depend on herbal remedies to treat and manage diseases such as diabetes, stroke, and hypertension, among others 1 . Herbal drugs play a vital role in the healthcare delivery schemes of numerous countries and are either selfprescribed or recommended by herbal practitioners QUICK RESPONSE CODE

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Heavy Metals in Indian Traditional Systems of Medicine: A Systematic Scoping Review and Recommendations for Integrative Medicine Practice

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbial Contamination of Selected Herbal Churna Marketed Formulations

Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbial Contamination of Selected Herbal Churna Marketed Formulations

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