Heavy metals in muscle tissue of healthy crocodiles from the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Preez, Marinus du; Govender, Danny; Bouwman, Hindrik

doi:10.1111/aje.12308

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Traditional methods of toxicological risk assessment in wildlife however, are often invasive, involving the collection of matrices (blood, hair or tissue) during routine management procedures or samples (kidney, liver, oesophageal tissue) from carcasses following mass mortality events [ [13] , [14] – 15 ]. Further, studies generally focus on a single pollution event or animal species [ [16] , [17] – 18 ], a specific matrix [ 19 , 20 ], multiple environmental matrices [21] or various biological matrices from a particular species [22] . Only a few studies have examined trace element concentrations in environmental matrices and animal species occupying specific areas [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimised ICP-MS quantification method for using animal faeces as a measure of protected area ecosystem health

et al. 2021

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Pollution is a key threat to biodiversity and ecosystem health within protected areas. Using a non-invasive, multi-matrix approach, sediment, vegetation and faecal material from lion ( Panthera leo ) and giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis) were collected and assessed for the simultaneous quantification of 20 trace elements using an optimised method for Inductively Coupled Plasma-–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Method Linearity was confirmed over an analytical range of 0.1–50 mg/kg for aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe); 0.4–400 µg/kg for vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and cadmium (Cd); 0.5–5 µg/kg for mercury (Hg); and 1–1 000 µg/kg for elements arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn). Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was above 0.99 for all elements. Accuracy (% recovery) and precision (% RSD) of replicate measurements for certified reference material controls fell within 20% of expected value at lower concentrations and 15% at higher concentrations for all elements except Al. Results for instrument and method limit of detections (LOD), method limit of quantification (LOQ) and expanded uncertainty were satisfactory. Preliminary data indicate As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were present in all matrices evaluated. This raises concerns regarding the combined action of multiple elements at concentrations that can adversely affect ecosystem and wildlife integrity. Sample quantity is reduced due to the power and sensitivity of ICP-MS. The optimised method is capable of detecting differences in trace element concentrations over large orders of magnitude in animal faeces containing different amounts of organic content. The method can be applied to the quantification of essential and potentially toxic elements in faeces across a wide range of terrestrial species.

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Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimised ICP-MS quantification method for using animal faeces as a measure of protected area ecosystem health

et al. 2021

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“…The bars identify works carried out with the sole objective of quantifying inorganic elements, and the highlighted line highlights articles that, in addition to quantifying the metallic elements, also showed the effects caused, using biochemical biomarkers, for example 1 3 accumulate in the kidneys, liver and muscles, i.e. areas known to be good predictors of inorganic elements (Burger et al, 2000;Yu et al, 2011;Horai et al, 2014;Tellez & Merchant, 2015;Du Preez et al, 2016;Nilsen et al, 2017). Lead, which is considered to be one of the most dangerous elements to human health (Vanz et al, 2003), penetrates through the skin of organisms due to its solubility in fat and through dust particle inhalation which results in a high level of exposure (Schifer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Biological Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In articles where there is a significant difference in the sex parameter, the authors explain that males may have higher levels than females due to the freeing of small quantities of these elements through eggs by females during nesting and oviposition processes (Delany et al, 1988;Schneider et al, 2011). Indeed, as well as being a non-lethal evaluation method, eggs provide important records of contamination via reproduction, demonstrating significant differences between the contents and carapaces (Du Preez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Biological Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater aquatic reptiles (Testudines and Crocodylia) as biomonitor models in assessing environmental contamination by inorganic elements and the main analytical techniques used: a review

Santos

Correia

Santos

2021

Environ Monit Assess

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chosen for each group (37%), we observed an increase in the use of non-destructive matrices in both groups (scale, blood, tail muscle, carapace). The majority of analysed studies used HNO 3 for the sample decomposition, with the majority of analyses being performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (53%). Mainly blank controls (19%), analyte recovery (18%) and replicates (18%) were used as methods of validating analytical procedures. Furthermore, the studies used certified reference materials, which measure the accuracy of the methods used. We conclude that the increase in the use of aquatic reptiles in environmental monitoring research is mainly due to their ability to reveal integrated changes in ecosystems, aiding in environmental public policy decision-making and effective management plans.

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“…There have been reports of DDT bioaccumulation in wildlife and humans since the late 1960s ( Van Dyk et al 1982 ; Wassermann et al 1970 ). Further monitoring has also revealed persistent organic pollutants (POPs), PAHs, PBDEs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), phenols, heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, phthalates, and bisphenol A (BPA) in African waters ( Ncube et al 2012 ; Olujimi et al 2010 ) and in animal tissues ( du Preez et al 2016 ; Nieuwoudt et al 2009 ; Nieuwoudt et al 2011 ; Polder et al 2008 ; van der Schyff et al 2016 ; Quinn et al 2009 ; Bornman et al 2010b ). The first report of endocrine disruption in a fish species in Africa involved intersex in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus , inhabiting water sources contaminated with the estrogenic compound p -nonylphenol ( p -NP), possibly from upstream activites of industries, agriculture, informal settlements, and municipal treatment plants ( Barnhoorn et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Edc Exposures: Impact On Wildlife Health In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action

Bornman

Aneck-Hahn

Jager

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Africa faces a number of unique environmental challenges. Unfortunately, it lacks the infrastructure needed to support the comprehensive environmental studies that could provide the scientific basis to inform environmental policies. There are a number of known sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other hazardous chemicals in Africa. However, a coordinated approach to identify and monitor these contaminants and to develop strategies for public health interventions has not yet been made.Objectives:This commentary summarizes the scientific evidence presented by experts at the First African Endocrine Disruptors meeting. We describe a “call to action” to utilize the available scientific knowledge to address the impact of EDCs on human and wildlife health in Africa.Discussion:We identify existing knowledge gaps about exposures to EDCs in Africa and describe how well-designed research strategies are needed to address these gaps. A lack of resources for research and a lag in policy implementation slows down intervention strategies and poses a challenge to advancing future health in Africa.Conclusion:To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774

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Heavy metals in muscle tissue of healthy crocodiles from the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Optimised ICP-MS quantification method for using animal faeces as a measure of protected area ecosystem health

Optimised ICP-MS quantification method for using animal faeces as a measure of protected area ecosystem health

Freshwater aquatic reptiles (Testudines and Crocodylia) as biomonitor models in assessing environmental contamination by inorganic elements and the main analytical techniques used: a review

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action

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