Heavy metals in the irrigation water, soils and vegetables in the Philippi horticultural area in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Malan, Marÿke; Müller, Francuois; Cyster, Lilburne; Raitt, Lincoln; Aalbers, J.

doi:10.1007/s10661-014-4085-y

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These results indicate that metal contaminations in different vegetables or rice may be the result of soil and irrigation water pollution [ 29 ]. Previous studies show that vegetables and crops may take up metals when grown in polluted soil and long-term accumulation of metals in soil can consequently cause an increase in metal uptake by vegetables [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: In order to search for effective control and prevention measures, the status of metal pollution in Ningbo, China was investigated. Methods: Nine of the most common contaminating metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in samples of vegetables, rice, soil, irrigation water, and human hair were detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Three different districts including industrial, suburban and rural areas in Ningbo were studied through a stratified random sample method. Results: (1) Among all of the detected vegetable samples, Cd exceeded the standard limit rates in industrial, suburban and rural areas as high as 43.9%, 27.5% and 5.0%, respectively; indicating the severity of Cd pollution in Ningbo. (2) The pollution index (PI) of Cd and Zn in soil (1.069, 1.584, respectively) suggests that soil is slightly polluted by Cd and Zn. Among all samples, metal contamination levels in soil were all relatively high. (3) A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu in vegetables and soil; Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni in vegetables and irrigation water, as well as, Cu and Ni in rice and irrigation water; and, (4) Higher Pb and Cd concentrations were found in student scalp hair in both industrial and suburban areas compared to rural areas. (5) Hg and Pb that are found in human scalp hair may be more easily absorbed from food than any of the other metals. Conclusions: In general, certain harmful metal pollutions were detected in both industrial and suburban areas of Ningbo in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Then, soil samples (12 samples in each area) were air dried, ground, and sieved with 2 mm mesh sieve. The sampling depth of 0-15 cm was chosen based on the most active zone of maximum root concentration and the most sensitive zone of erosion and atmospheric deposition [16,17]. The target areas in the district are Banglabazar, Kashimpur, and Chandra, where various smallscale factories exist.…”

Section: Sampling Of Irrigation Water Soil and Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Contamination of Irrigation Water, Soil, and Vegetables and the Difference between Dry and Wet Seasons Near a Multi-Industry Zone in Bangladesh

Ahmed

Matsumoto

Ozaki

et al. 2019

Water

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Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) contamination in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables was investigated in farmland adjacent to a multi-industry zone in Bangladesh in dry and wet seasons. In the zone, many factories release wastewater into nearby irrigation canals, and vegetables cultivated with this water could be a major food chain route for human exposure. In the irrigation water and vegetables, heavy metal concentrations exceeded permissible levels in the two seasons, but this was not the case in soil. Zn had the highest concentration, and Cd had the lowest concentration in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. All heavy metal concentrations were found to be lower in the wet than in the dry season, which is due to the dilution of water by rainfall, lower absorption of heavy metals from the diluted irrigation water, and heavy metal absorption from low concentrated irrigation water and/or soil. The cluster analysis data of irrigation water, soil, and vegetables revealed that the heavy metals in vegetables were considered to be absorbed from irrigation water in the wet season and from soil in the dry season. In the dry season, the high heavy metal concentrations in vegetables might be caused by a high bioconcentration factor (mostly > 20%).

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“…South Africa is known for its thriving mining sector which include manganese, platinum, gold, diamond, chromium and vanadium mines, of which the waste can cause heavy metal pollution, if not discarded correctly. This is unfortunately seen in areas in the Gauteng and Western Cape provinces in South Africa (Malan, Müller, Cyster, Raitt, & Aalbers, ; Venter et al, ). Both these metals can, depending on the route of exposure, effect the lungs, liver, kidneys, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems and may lead to cancer (Jomova & Valko, ; Langárd & Costa, ; Prozialeck & Edwards, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of metals cadmium and chromium alone and in combination on the liver and kidney tissue of male Spraque‐Dawley rats: An ultrastructural and electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy investigation

Venter

Oberholzer

Cummings

et al. 2017

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Heavy metal pollution has increased in the last decades. Water sources are contaminated and human exposure is often long term exposure to variable amounts of different metals. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via oral gavage for 28 days to cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr), alone and in combination at concentrations 1000 times the human World Health Organization's acceptable water limits. Rat equivalent dosages were used. Blood markers of liver and kidney function were measured, changes to cellular morphology was determined with transmission electron microscopy and the intracellular metal localisation was determined with the electron energy-loss spectroscopy and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy analysis. Both Cd and Cr caused changes to the nuclear and mitochondrial membranes and irregular chromatin condensation of hepatocytes. Cr exposure caused dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). The combination caused nuclear and mitochondrial membrane damage as well as irregular chromatin condensation. In the kidney tissue, Cd caused irregular chromatin condensation in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). Cr caused changes to the outer nuclear and mitochondrial membrane and chromatin structure. The combination group caused membrane damage, irregular chromatin condensation and rER changes in the PCT. All the metal groups showed damage to the endothelial cells and pedicles, but not to the mesangial cells. Cd and Cr bio-accumulation was observed in the nucleus, mitochondria and rER of the liver and kidney and therefore are responsible for the cellular observed damage that can cause functional changes to the tissues and organs.

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Heavy metals in the irrigation water, soils and vegetables in the Philippi horticultural area in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China

Epidemiological Study on Metal Pollution of Ningbo in China

Heavy Metal Contamination of Irrigation Water, Soil, and Vegetables and the Difference between Dry and Wet Seasons Near a Multi-Industry Zone in Bangladesh

Effects of metals cadmium and chromium alone and in combination on the liver and kidney tissue of male Spraque‐Dawley rats: An ultrastructural and electron‐energy‐loss spectroscopy investigation

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