Heavy metals in untreated/treated urban effluent and sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant

Oliveira, Aline da Silva; Bocio, Ana; Trevilato, Tânia Maria Beltramini; Takayanagui, Ângela Maria Magosso; Domingo, José L.; Segura-Muñoz, Susana Inés

doi:10.1065/espr2006.10.355

Cited by 125 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As compared with heavy metal levels reported in literature for sludge collected from various WWTPs, our results (Table 1) are in good agreement with those found for Kavala by other authors [25,33], are comparable with findings for Kalamata [22], Komotini [23] and Crete [21] in Greece, for Spain [18,28,38], Poland [13,27] and Brasil [34,37], and are much lower than the values obtained for Greece at the largest WWTPs of Athens (Psyttalia and Metamorphosi) [33] and Thessaloniki [4], and also for China [35,36] and Thailand [7], probably due to the fact that the WWTPs in this study only receive domestic wastewater, while industrial wastes processed in other stations usually contain higher levels of heavy metals than residential wastes [39].…”

Section: Metal Levels In Greek Wwtps Sludgesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…From Table 1 it can be noticed that the heavy metal contents of the investigated sludge samples are site-specific and for most elements vary by the period of the sample collection, demonstrating that the accumulation of metals in sewage sludge produced in a WWTP which serves a specific area is an intricate process, depending upon local factors, such as population lifestyle, irregularity of raw sewage inputs from urban sources, influents' composition, as well as the treatment performance of each plant [5,7,9,14,34].…”

Section: Metal Levels In Greek Wwtps Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Spanos

Ene

Patronidou

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg -1 Cd; 103.7 mg kg -1 Cr; 136.4 mg kg -1 Cu; < 0.2 mg kg -1 Hg; 29.1 mg kg -1 Ni; 62.0 mg kg -1 Pb; 1253.2 mg kg -1 Zn; 1.56 mg kg -1 Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg -1 Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summerwinter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.

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Section: Metal Levels In Greek Wwtps Sludgesupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Metal Levels In Greek Wwtps Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Spanos

Ene

Patronidou

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…The removal of metals in wastewater treatment is reported to be highly variable (Chipasa, 2003;Da Silva Oliveira et al, 2007). However, the mechanisms of removal are thought to be similar in the two main process types; a few publications found in the literature support the opinion that TF is less effective than AS (Ziolko et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fate Of Pollutants In Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 81%

Performance of UK wastewater treatment works with respect to trace contaminants

Gardner

Jones

Comber

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

112

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This study examined the performance of 16 wastewater treatment works to provide an overview of trace substance removal in relation to meeting the objectives of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Collection and analysis of over 2,400 samples including sewage influent, process samples at different stages in the treatment process and final effluent has provided data on the performance of current wastewater treatment processes and made it possible to evaluate the need for improved effluent quality. Results for over forty substances including metals, industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals are reported. Data for sanitary parameters are also provided. A wide range of removal efficiencies was observed. Removal was not clearly related to the generic process type, indicating that other operational factors tend to be important. Nonetheless, removals for many substances of current concern were high. Despite this, current proposals for stringent water quality standards mean that further improvements in effluent quality are likely to be required.

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“…In contrast, the B concentrations in the TWW at the two sites were relatively high. The low concentrations of the studied heavy metals was mainly because they are mostly associated with suspended solids in municipal wastewater (Brown and Lester, 1979), and as a consequence, secondary treatment schemes tend to exhibit high rates of heavy metal removal (Ben-Hur, 2004;Oliveira et al, 2007). Sources of B in domestic wastewater include mainly human excretions and detergents and laundry powders, and its removal rate in the secondary treatment plant is very low (Ben-Hur, 2004); consequently, its concentrations in the secondary TWW were relatively high ( Table 2).…”

Section: Macronutrientsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in Chemical Properties of Semiarid Soils under Long-Term Secondary Treated Wastewater Irrigation

Lado

Bar‐Tal

Azenkot

et al. 2012

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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Heavy metals in untreated/treated urban effluent and sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant

Cited by 125 publications

References 37 publications

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Performance of UK wastewater treatment works with respect to trace contaminants

Changes in Chemical Properties of Semiarid Soils under Long-Term Secondary Treated Wastewater Irrigation

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