Heavy quarks and jets as probes of the QGP

Apolinário, Liliana; Lee, Yen-Jie; Winn, Michael Andreas

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2203.16352

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 535 publications

(978 reference statements)

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“…In the aftermath of such collisions, one can observe the production of the quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter expected to have existed in the first few microseconds of the universe. Experimentally, the properties of such plasmas can only be indirectly extracted by studying the yield and properties of a limited number of hard probes self-generated in each collision [55,56]. One of the most successful and widely studied probes are QCD jets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium induced jet broadening in a quantum computer

Barata¹,

Du²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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QCD jets provide one of the best avenues to extract information about the quark-gluon plasma produced in the aftermath of ultra relativistic heavy ions collisions. The structure of jets is determined by multiparticle quantum interference hard to tackle using perturbative methods. When jets evolve in a QCD medium this interference pattern is modified, adding another layer of complexity. By taking advantage of the recent developments in quantum technologies, such effects might be better understood via direct quantum simulation of jet evolution. In this work, we introduce a precursor to such simulations. Based on the light-front Hamiltonian formalism, we construct a digital quantum circuit that tracks the evolution of a single hard probe in the presence of a stochastic color background. In terms of the jet quenching parameter q, the results obtained using classical simulators of ideal quantum computers agree with known analytical results. With this study, we hope to provide a baseline for future in-medium jet physics studies using quantum computers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium induced jet broadening in a quantum computer

Barata¹,

Du²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The most relevant perturbative QCD processes that contribute to the production cross-section are leadingorder (LO) flavor creation, next-to-leading order (NLO) gluon-splitting, as well as flavor excitation [14]. The parton shower and fragmentation of heavy-flavor jets are different from light-flavor jets due to two main reasons: the color charge effect; that is, heavy flavor jets are initiated by quarks as opposed to light-flavor jets that are mostly gluon-initiated [15]; and the dead-cone effect, meaning that small-angle gluon radiations off a massive parton are forbidden in QCD, and as a consequence, heavy-flavor fragmentation is harder and results in different jet substructures [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Partonic Origin of Multiplicity Scaling in Heavy and Light Flavor Jets

Varga

Vértesi

2022

Symmetry

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Research shows that Koba–Nielsen–Olesen (KNO)-like scaling is fulfilled inside the jets, which indicates that KNO scaling is violated by complex vacuum quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes outside the jet development, such as single and double parton scattering or softer multiple parton interactions. In the current work, we investigated the scaling properties of heavy-flavor jets using Monte-Carlo simulations. We found that while jets from leading-order flavor-creation processes exhibit flavor-dependent patterns, heavy-flavor jets from production in parton showers follow inclusive-jet patterns. This suggests that KNO-like scaling is driven by initial hard parton production and not by processes in the later stages of the reaction.

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“…These interactions lead to energy loss and modifications of the parton's properties. That would allow us to investigate how the partonic probe evolves over time in the medium [25].…”

Section: Quark-gluon Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Charm Jets

Mohanty

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How did the Universe begin? The Big Bang theory states that the Universe was not the same stars and planets as we see today, but just a very hot liquid called the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) then. Now, what is this liquid and how does it behave? The theory of the strong nuclear force, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), predicts that the quarks and gluons in nuclear matter can deconfine into the QGP when sufficiently high energy densities are reached. The research presented in this thesis is an attempt at furthering our knowledge of strong interactions and the QGP. In ultrarelativistic collisions of protons and heavy ions, quarks and gluons interact with each other and are sometimes scattered to large angles in so-called hard scatterings, and through the process of hadronization, they combine and reorganize themselves to form hadrons, which tend to travel close to each other in narrow tight cones called jets. Jets are a means to understand the original partons. Jets are important to heavy-ion physics because when one of the two back-to-back jets goes through the QGP, it can get quenched and thus lose significant energy. Measuring jets also provides a lens to look into the properties of the astonishingly hot and dense soup of QGP. Unlike light quarks, the heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are mostly produced in high-energy collisions. They either hadronize or decay into lighter quarks which ultimately hadronize. Heavy-flavour jets, which consist of hadrons containing heavy quarks, can provide valuable insights into the behaviour of heavy quarks. Jets can help us better understand perturbative QCD as well as investigate the properties of the QGP by observing energy loss if heavy quarks interact with it. Charm jets are the chosen investigation tool in this thesis. A charm jet was reconstructed by clustering charged particles and a D0 meson (the lightest hadron containing charm quarks) using the anti-kT algorithm. Three analyses were done for charm jets at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair 5.02 TeV. The production cross section of charm jets in pp and p–Pb collisions were measured along with nuclear modification in p–Pb collisions in reference to pp collisions. The fragmentation function of charm jets in pp collisions was also reported by looking into the jet momentum carried by its constituent D0 meson. The LO model with Colour Reconnection and soft processes provides the best description of cross section and fragmentation distribution of charm jets in pp collisions as compared to the LO model with hard processes only. The parton distribution function (PDF) for the proton was obtained from the LHAPDF 6 interpolator with the PDF set CT10nlo, while the nuclear PDF inside a lead ion was taken from EPS09nlo. All measurements in pp and p–Pb collisions agree to NLO theoretical predictions within the uncertainties. Also, the nuclear modification factor RpPb was found to conform to unity indicating an absence of large modifications in the initial parton distributions and an absence of final-state effects on charm-jet production in the measured kinematic region.

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Heavy quarks and jets as probes of the QGP

Cited by 3 publications

References 535 publications

Medium induced jet broadening in a quantum computer

Medium induced jet broadening in a quantum computer

The Partonic Origin of Multiplicity Scaling in Heavy and Light Flavor Jets

Charm Jets

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