Heavy quarks within the electroweak multiplet

Abstract

Standard-model fields and their associated electroweak Lagrangian are equivalently expressed in a shared spin basis. The scalar-vector terms are written with scalar-operator components acting on quark-doublet elements, and shown to be parametrization-invariant. Such terms, and the t-and b-quark Yukawa terms are linked by the identification of the common mass-generating Higgs operating upon the other fields, after acquiring a vacuum expectation value v.Thus, the customary vector masses are related to the fermions', fixing the tquark mass m t with the relation m 2 t + m 2 b = v 2 /2 either for maximal hierarchy, or given the b-quark mass m b , implying m t 173.9 GeV, for v = 246 GeV. A sum rule is derived for all quark masses that generalizes this restriction. An interpretation follows that electroweak bosons and heavy quarks belong in a multiplet.

Compositeness, Bargmann-Wigner solutions within a U(1)-interaction quantum-field-theory expansion, and charge

“…Methods are added to known cases as extensions [28,37] requiring composite elements. Compositeness can be applied to SM couplings [9], as connections were recently exploited to obtain information on the quark masses [10]. As the current is a particular bilinear-spinor term, similarly to superconductor Cooper pairs [38], a composite regime is feasible, under some conditions.…”

“…The quark model [5] is one of its paradigms, as hadron features are derived from the quarks'. Likewise, theories with more fundamental elements were proposed to explain SM features [6,7]; supersymmetry generalizes the SM composite quantum numbers to additional feasible fermions and bosons [8]; and SM structures can predict such constants [9,10], all suggesting elementary composite configurations may provide clues, for which we review relevant physical and formal setups.…”