Hebbian STDP in mushroom bodies facilitates the synchronous flow of olfactory information in locusts

Cassenaer, Stijn; Laurent, Gilles

doi:10.1038/nature05973

Cited by 317 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This information-theoretic approach may also be extended to analyzing the dynamic role of PNs and local interneurons in processing and transmitting information to higher-order structures. Functional imaging and electrophysiological studies have provided useful insights into information processing in the antennal lobe and mushroom body (39)(40)(41)42). Although local interneurons modulate PNs activity, ORNs are the primary drivers of this activity (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory receptor neuron coding in Drosophila

Iyengar

Chakraborty

Goswami

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Olfactory responses of Drosophila undergo pronounced changes after eclosion. The flies develop attraction to odors to which they are exposed and aversion to other odors. Behavioral adaptation is correlated with changes in the firing pattern of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In this article, we present an information-theoretic analysis of the firing pattern of ORNs. Flies reared in a synthetic odorless medium were transferred after eclosion to three different media: (i) a synthetic medium relatively devoid of odor cues, (ii) synthetic medium infused with a single odorant, and (iii) complex cornmeal medium rich in odors. Recordings were made from an identified sensillum (type II), and the Jensen-Shannon divergence (D JS ) was used to assess quantitatively the differences between ensemble spike responses to different odors. Analysis shows that prolonged exposure to ethyl acetate and several related esters increases sensitivity to these esters but does not improve the ability of the fly to distinguish between them. Flies exposed to cornmeal display varied sensitivity to these odorants and at the same time develop greater capacity to distinguish between odors. Deprivation of odor experience on an odorless synthetic medium leads to a loss of both sensitivity and acuity. Rich olfactory experience thus helps to shape the ORNs response and enhances its discriminative power. The experiments presented here demonstrate an experience-dependent adaptation at the level of the receptor neuron.imaginal conditioning | sensory adaptation | odor imprinting | JensenShannon divergence | chemo receptor tuning O lfaction in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is crucial for a variety of behaviors, including associative learning (1, 2), courtship (3), foraging (4), and flight (5, 6). Odorants are detected by approximately 1,300 olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which are housed in sensilla on the third antennal segment and individually express one of approximately 50 functional odor receptors in adults (7-9). All ORNs expressing the same olfactory receptor project to one of approximately 50 glomeruli in the antennal lobe, where they synapse with a set of projection neurons (PNs) (10, 11). The activity of ORNs, either excitation or inhibition, provides behaviorally relevant information about odorants such as their identity, concentration, and source. The information transduced by an ORN is processed in the antennal lobe (12, 13) and sent via PNs to the mushroom bodies, which are believed to be centers for olfactory learning and memory (14, 15).Experience-dependent modifiability (i.e., plasticity) of olfactory representation at the level of the central nervous system is well known (2,16,17). Relatively little attention has been paid to long-term changes in sensory neuron activity resulting from odor experiences. It was previously shown that exposure of newly born imago to a particular set of odorants alters their responses to these odors (18,19). The flies develop an attraction to the chemicals to which they are exposed and an av...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory receptor neuron coding in Drosophila

Iyengar

Chakraborty

Goswami

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…We hypothesized that mutual inhibition exists in the MB lobes and, in joint action with 'Hebbian' learning is able to organize a non-overlapping response of the decision neurons [104]. Recently this hypothesis was verified in [119] showing that the inhibition in the output neurons is fairly strong, and in [108] where plasticity was found from the KC neurons into the output ones.…”

Section: Learning Pattern Recognition In the Mushroom Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Most importantly, the MBs undergo significant synaptic changes [108,109] and it is known for quite a long time that play a key role in learning odor conditioning [110,111,112,113,27,114,115,116]. This situates the MBs as the center of learning in the insects.…”

Section: The Formation Of Memories In the Mushroom Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning pattern recognition and decision making in the insect brain

Huerta¹

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. We revise the current model of learning pattern recognition in the Mushroom Bodies of the insects using current experimental knowledge about the location of learning, olfactory coding and connectivity. We show that it is possible to have an efficient pattern recognition device based on the architecture of the Mushroom Bodies, sparse code, mutual inhibition and Hebbian leaning only in the connections from the Kenyon cells to the output neurons. We also show that despite the conventional wisdom that believes that artificial neural networks are the bioinspired model of the brain, the Mushroom Bodies actually resemble very closely Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The derived SVM learning rules are situated in the Mushroom Bodies, are nearly identical to standard Hebbian rules, and require inhibition in the output. A very particular prediction of the model is that random elimination of the Kenyon cells in the Mushroom Bodies do not impair the ability to recognize odorants previously learned.

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“…ion channels, pumps, exchangers, neurotransmitters and G-protein-coupled receptors-are likely to have been present in the common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates [4]. Presumably as a result of convergent evolution based on these building blocks, connections between neurons display similar plasticity in vertebrates and invertebrates, including short-term, spike-timing-dependent and long-term plasticity [39,40]. Basic circuit architecture is similar in insects and vertebrates, for example lateral inhibition, feed-forward and feedback excitation and inhibition, and presynaptic inhibition [41,42].…”

Section: Comparisons At the Circuitry Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is comparable in comparative cognition?

Chittka

Rossiter

Skorupski

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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To understand how complex, or 'advanced' various forms of cognition are, and to compare them between species for evolutionary studies, we need to understand the diversity of neural-computational mechanisms that may be involved, and to identify the genetic changes that are necessary to mediate changes in cognitive functions. The same overt cognitive capacity might be mediated by entirely different neural circuitries in different species, with a many-to-one mapping between behavioural routines, computations and their neural implementations. Comparative behavioural research needs to be complemented with a bottom-up approach in which neurobiological and molecular-genetic analyses allow pinpointing of underlying neural and genetic bases that constrain cognitive variation. Often, only very minor differences in circuitry might be needed to generate major shifts in cognitive functions and the possibility that cognitive traits arise by convergence or parallel evolution needs to be taken seriously. Hereditary variation in cognitive traits between individuals of a species might be extensive, and selection experiments on cognitive traits might be a useful avenue to explore how rapidly changes in cognitive abilities occur in the face of pertinent selection pressures.

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Hebbian STDP in mushroom bodies facilitates the synchronous flow of olfactory information in locusts

Cited by 317 publications

References 30 publications

Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory receptor neuron coding in Drosophila

Post-eclosion odor experience modifies olfactory receptor neuron coding in Drosophila

Learning pattern recognition and decision making in the insect brain

What is comparable in comparative cognition?

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