Networking infrastructure, e.g. wide area networks (WAN) connecting data centers worldwide, or wireless 5G and beyond, are all witnessing unprecedented traffic demand, due to massive data-explosion in software applications involving text, image and video transfers and demand for high quality connectivity. The infrastructure itself is often limited by budget; and providing optimum performance with limited resources such as high bandwidth or low latency for user quality experience, is a challenge. Continually upgrading to expensive high-end switches and optical fibers is not a long-term feasible solution.