Heck Vinylation of Aryl Iodides by a Silica Sol−Gel Entrapped Pd(II) Catalyst and Its Combination with a Photocyclization Process

Abstract

[reaction: see text] Silica sol-gel encaged PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2) is a recyclable catalyst for the Heck vinylation of aryl iodides. It is possible to couple the Heck reaction with photocyclization in a one-pot process.

Silica-supported palladium: Sustainable catalysts for cross-coupling reactions

“…This heterogeneous catalyst is characterized by extremely simple preparation. It is a completely leach-proof, highly porous material (typical N 2 -BET surface areas of 490 m 2 g −1 , and average pore diameters of 27 Å) and is air stable for many months [31].…”

Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Materials from Di‐(2‐pyridyl)methylamine‐Palladium Dichloride Complex as Recoverable Catalysts for Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira Reactions

“…[24f,s,25e,j,m,r,t] Even if phosphane ligands are more prone to oxidation, there are some examples of heterogeneous phosphane-containing catalysts. Thus, silica sol-gel entrapped dichlorobis(triphenylphosphane)palladium worked out [27] as an efficient recyclable catalyst in Heck reactions [27a] and Suzuki cross-couplings [27b] . However, this system failed with aryl chlorides in the Suzuki coupling and low conversions were attained with aryl bromides in the Heck reaction.…”

Sol–gel entrapped Cu in a silica matrix: An efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for Huisgen and Ullmann intramolecular coupling reactions

“…At the same time, this entrapment protects the catalyst from redox changes and incompatible chemicals, thus allowing multistep one-pot reactions to be carried out with entrapped catalysts in the presence of entrapped catalyst poisons [12,13]. Some recent examples with PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 have highlighted the potential of this field [14,15].…”