Hedonic sensitivity in adolescent and adult rats: Taste reactivity and voluntary sucrose consumption

Wilmouth, Carrie E.; Spear, Linda P.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.02.009

Cited by 87 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Importantly, "liking" can be measured objectively through neural responses, whether or not the individual is consciously aware of their feelings of pleasure (1). For example, human and rodent research has shown that adolescents, more so than children or adults, show heightened activation in the ventral striatum following the receipt of hedonic rewards, including money, sucrose, and immediate rather than long-term rewards (7,15,19,20). Moreover, during risk taking, adolescents show higher activation in the ventral striatum than younger or older individuals (21).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time

Telzer

Fuligni²,

Lieberman³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

129

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The pursuit of happiness and reward is an impetus for everyday human behavior and the basis of well-being. Although optimal well-being may be achieved through eudaimonic activities (e.g., meaning and purpose), individuals tend to orient toward hedonic activities (e.g., pleasure seeking), potentially placing them at risk for ill-being. We implemented a longitudinal study and followed adolescents over 1 y to examine whether neural sensitivity to eudaimonic (e.g., prosocial decisions) and hedonic (e.g., selfish rewards and risky decisions) rewards differentially predicts longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms. Ventral striatum activation during eudaimonic decisions predicted longitudinal declines in depressive symptoms, whereas ventral striatum activation to hedonic decisions related to longitudinal increases in depressive symptoms. These findings underscore how the motivational context underlying neural sensitivity to rewards can differentially predict changes in well-being over time. Importantly, to our knowledge, this is the first study to show that striatal activation within an individual can be both a source of risk and protection.adolescence | fMRI | depression T he pursuit of happiness and reward is an impetus for everyday human behavior and the basis of well-being (1). In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle distinguished between two aspects of well-being: hedonia (pleasure, desire) and eudaimonia (meaning and purpose, a life well-lived). Aristotle argued that optimal well-being is achieved through eudaimonia, whereas pleasure and desire can be harmful to human growth (2). Contemporary psychological research has continued to distinguish between eudaimonic well-being and hedonic well-being, (e.g., refs. 3 and 4), with empirical studies demonstrating the long-term benefits of eudaimonic pursuits and the sometimes detrimental effects of hedonic pursuits (e.g., ref. 5). Whereas the distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic rewards has received theoretical and empirical attention in adult work, we know little about how these two types of rewards are experienced during adolescence, a developmental period during which rewards take on particular salience and vulnerability for ill-being dramatically rises (6).Neural systems involved in the generation of reward processing undergo significant changes during adolescence, resulting in a greater orientation toward rewards (6). Adolescents, more so than children or adults, show heightened activation in brain regions involved in reward processing when receiving rewards (7). Although some types of reward-seeking behaviors may be adaptive during this developmental period (e.g., engaging in meaningful social relationships), other types of reward-seeking behaviors may be detrimental (e.g., engaging in health-compromising risk taking). Therefore, the ways in which adolescents respond to different rewards may have significant implications for their well-being. In the current study, we examined how neural sensitivity to hedonic and eudaimonic rewards differentially predicts c...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time

Telzer

Fuligni²,

Lieberman³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, a growing body of evidence indicates that at least one contributing factor is an inability to control behavior in the face of reward [8–10, 14]. Prior studies have demonstrated an increased sensitivity to primary rewards during adolescence compared to adulthood [2, 9, 15–22, 23]. Similarly, environmental cues that come to predict reward drive behaviors performed in service of obtaining reward to a greater extent in adolescents than in children or adults [1, 2, 18, 24–28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in appetitive Pavlovian conditioning and extinction in rats

Meyer

Bucci

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Mounting evidence indicates that adolescents exhibit heightened sensitivity to rewards and reward-related cues compared to adults, and that adolescents are often unable to exert behavioral control in the face of such cues. Moreover, differences in reward processing during adolescence have been linked to heightened risk taking and impulsivity. However, little is known about the processes by which adolescents learn about the appetitive properties of environmental stimuli that signal reward. To address this, Pavlovian conditioning procedures were used to test for differences in excitatory conditioning between adult and adolescent rats using various schedules of reinforcement. Specifically, separate cohorts of adult and adolescent rats were trained under conditions of consistent (continuous) or intermittent (partial) reinforcement. We found that the acquisition of anticipatory responding to a continuously-reinforced cue proceeded similarly in adolescents and adults. In contrast, responding increased at a greater rate in adolescents compared to adults during presentations of a partially-reinforced cue. We subsequently compared the ability of adolescent and adult rats to dynamically adjust the representation of a reward-predictive cue during extinction trials, in which a secondary inhibitory representation is acquired for the previously-reinforced stimulus. We observed significant age differences in the ability to flexibly update cue representations during extinction, in that the appetitive properties of cues with a history of either continuous or partial reinforcement persisted to a greater extent in adolescents relative to adults.

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“…The failure to see any effects of drug pre-exposure on taste avoidance learning in adolescents could also be the result of a greater motivation to consume substances with a positive hedonic value or that they have an increased sensitivity to positive consequences Wilmouth & Spear, 2009). Specifically, if adolescents generally increase consumption of solutions with positive hedonic properties (like saccharin), such an increase might limit their ability to demonstrate a taste avoidance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent rats fail to demonstrate a LiCl-induced pre-exposure effect: Implications for the balance of drug reward and aversion in adolescence

2016

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Adolescents display weaker taste avoidance induced by both abused and non-abused drugs than adults. Drug history attenuates avoidance learning in adults (the drug pre-exposure effect), but little is known about this phenomenon in adolescents. Given that the weaker taste avoidance in adolescence is thought to be a function of their relative insensitivity to the drug's aversive effects, it might be expected that the drug pre-exposure effect would be weaker in adolescents given that for some drugs this effect is mediated by associative blocking that depends on the association of environmental cues with the drug's aversive effects. To address this, in the present studies male adolescent (Experiment 1) and adult (Experiment 2) rats were given five spaced injections of LiCl prior to subsequent taste avoidance conditioning with LiCl. Consistent with past reports, adolescents displayed weaker taste avoidance than adults. While adults displayed attenuated LiCl-induced taste avoidance following LiCl preexposure, adolescents showed no evidence of this pre-exposure. This work is consistent with the view that adolescents are relatively insensitive to the aversive effects of drugs, an insensitivity potentially important in subsequent intake of drugs of abuse given that such intake is a function of the balance of their rewarding and aversive effects.

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Hedonic sensitivity in adolescent and adult rats: Taste reactivity and voluntary sucrose consumption

Cited by 87 publications

References 34 publications

Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time

Neural sensitivity to eudaimonic and hedonic rewards differentially predict adolescent depressive symptoms over time

Age differences in appetitive Pavlovian conditioning and extinction in rats

Adolescent rats fail to demonstrate a LiCl-induced pre-exposure effect: Implications for the balance of drug reward and aversion in adolescence

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