Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae: Hedysareae) Is Not Monophyletic – Evidence from Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Five Nuclear and Five Plastid Sequences

Abstract

The legume family (Fabaceae) exhibits a high level of species diversity and evolutionary success worldwide. Previous phylogenetic studies of the genus Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae: Hedysareae) showed that the nuclear and the plastid topologies might be incongruent, and the systematic position of the Hedysarum sect. Stracheya clade was uncertain. In this study, phylogenetic relationships of Hedysarum were investigated based on the nuclear ITS, ETS, PGDH, SQD1, TRPT and the plastid psbA-trnH, trnC-petN, trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, petN-psbM sequences. Both nuclear and plastid data support two major lineages in Hedysarum: the Hedysarum s.s. clade and the Sartoria clade. In the nuclear tree, Hedysarum is biphyletic with the Hedysarum s.s. clade sister to the Corethrodendron + Eversmannia + Greuteria + Onobrychis clade (the CEGO clade), whereas the Sartoria clade is sister to the genus Taverniera DC. In the plastid tree, Hedysarum is monophyletic and sister to Taverniera. The incongruent position of the Hedysarum s.s. clade between the nuclear and plastid trees may be best explained by a chloroplast capture hypothesis via introgression. The Hedysarum sect. Stracheya clade is resolved as sister to the H. sect. Hedysarum clade in both nuclear and plastid trees, and our analyses support merging Stracheya into Hedysarum. Based on our new evidence from multiple sequences, Hedysarum is not monophyletic, and its generic delimitation needs to be reconsidered.

Speciation and periodic restricted environments. The case of genus Ononis L. (subsections Natrix and Viscosae)

“…The gene flow associated with those environmental variations explains coalescence and introgression phenomena between the complex O. natrix, O. ramosissima, O. pubescens, and O. breviflora and the other taxa. A similar possibility has been suggested by several authors for other Leguminosae genera (Byrne et al 2002;Ramos et al 2009;Yoder et al 2013;Liu et al 2017) and other botanic families (Guti errez-Larena et al 2002, Palme et al 2004Molins et al 2011;Blanco-Pastor et al 2012;Tamaki and Okada, 2014;Valc arcel et al 2017) as a gradual speciation (Pfeil et al 2017). In the case analyzed here, the low haplotype sharing between O. natrix or O. ramosissima with the species of subsection Viscosae (only three, 23% of haplotypes detected for this subsection), as well as the huge percentage of exclusive haplotypes for the other subspecies of O. viscosa (more specially O. subcordata, O. crotalarioides, O. brachycarpa and O. porrigens, 77% of haplotypes), better explains the restrictive environmental conditions for most of the subspecies of O. viscosa, and the strong current PRE that they are subject to.…”

Botanical and Genetic Identification Followed by Investigation of Chemical Composition and Biological Activities on the Scabiosa atropurpurea L. Stem from Tunisian Flora

“…Briefly, DNA from Scabiosa stems, freshly collected was extracted using the chelating resin Chelex 100 [ 52 ]. The extraction eluate was subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a Chloroplastic DNA fragment, using the species- and group-specific primers “ycf6F” and “psbMR”, targeting for the petN-psbM intergenic spacer region [ 53 ]. The PCR products were purified and sequenced.…”

<p><strong><em>Hedysarum turcicum</em> (Hedysareae, Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey</strong></p>

“…It is very difficult to determine the taxonomic boundaries of genus Hedysarum in the family (Liu et al 2017). In the first published study (Linnaeus 1753), many taxa contained in Hedysarum were later transferred to 16 different genera such as Onobrychis, Alhagi Gagnebin (1755: 59), Desmodium Desv.…”