Heel strike angle and foot angular velocity in the sagittal plane during running in different shoe conditions

Heidenfelder, Jens; Sterzing, Thorsten; Bullmann, Manuel; Milani, Thomas L.

doi:10.1186/1757-1146-1-s1-o16

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This variable has been shown to consistently correlate with rearfoot hardness of running shoes (Clarke et al, 1983;De Wit et al, 1995;Heidenfelder et al, 2008). The loading rate was also able to characterize rearfoot cushioning differences of running shoes featuring different crash-pad heights (Heidenfelder et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, also in a comparison of shod running it has been shown that differences in mechanical heel hardness of running shoes may lead to heel strike adaptation of runners. When rearfoot hardness of running shoes is increased runners reduce their sagittal shoe-ground contact angle (Heidenfelder et al, 2008). Regarding sex and age subgroup kinematics of the lower extremity, it has been shown that the influence of different midsole hardness of running shoes was subject-independent (Nigg et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of rearfoot and forefoot midsole hardness on biomechanical and perception variables during heel-toe running

et al. 2013

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Purpose: Running shoe cushioning research has focused widely on rearfoot (RF) characteristics, whereas forefoot (FF) characteristics have been rather neglected. However, altered cushioning may affect running biomechanics and respective subjective perception at RF and FF. Thus, this research compared the effect of running shoes with different midsole hardnesses at RF and FF. Methods: Twenty-eight heel-toe runners were tested in five experimental shoe conditions that featured three segmented EVA midsoles (RF, midfoot (MF), FF). Three conditions had the same midsole hardness at RF and FF (soft (SS), medium (MM), hard (HH)). Two conditions had different RF and FF midsole hardness (soft-RF/hard-FF (SH), hard-RF/soft-FF (HS)). All midsoles featured the same MF segment of medium hardness. Vertical ground reaction forces and lower extremity kinematics during stance, subjective cushioning of the heel-toe transition and the overall comfort were quantified. Data were analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests (p < 0.05), and effect size analyses ( p h 2 ). Results: The consistent midsole shoe conditions showed increased maximum loading rates of impact and propulsion peaks from SS to HH. Respective maximum loading rates of SH were similarly to SS, and respective maximum loading rates for HS were similar to HH. Subjectively, the consistent midsole conditions were rated according to their mechanical properties and softer shoes were preferred over harder shoes. In the varied midsole shoe conditions, SH was perceived similar to SS, whereas HS was perceived similar to MM. Conclusion: The examined biomechanical variables were influenced almost entirely by respective RF cushioning properties. The hard FF did not negatively affect cushioning perception as long as the RF was soft. Combining a soft FF with a hard RF improved inferior cushioning perception associated with shoes being hard at RF and FF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of rearfoot and forefoot midsole hardness on biomechanical and perception variables during heel-toe running

et al. 2013

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“…However, the EVA shoes demonstrated values within the range of modern commercially available running shoes (Derrick et al 2002, Heidenfelder et al 2008.…”

Section: Cushioning Parametersmentioning

confidence: 88%

Small changes in the varus alignment of running shoes allow gradual pronation control

et al. 2009

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Introduction: Excessive pronation is discussed to be the cause of various overuse injuries in distance running which makes stability features of running shoes a huge research interest. Several authors have shown the reduction of pronation range and velocity induced by shoes with extreme varus angles (VA) of 8-10 . However, a reduction of cushioning properties was also observed in those shoes. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate if shoes with moderate VA, usable for everyday running, are suited to reduce pronation parameters while maintaining cushioning properties. Methods: In two laboratory studies (n ¼ 11, n ¼ 10) the effects of gradually (1 steps) increasing VA between 0 and 4 were investigated with two different samples of running shoes. Additionally, a field study (n ¼ 17) determined subjects' perception of the different VA conditions. Results and discussion: Linear reductions of pronation excursion ( p50.01) and pronation velocity ( p50.01) were observed with increasing VA between shoes, whereas cushioning parameters remained unaltered. Runners did not perceive changes in shoe properties due to different VA nor did they favour any condition. Conclusion: In running shoe designs, small varus perturbations can be implemented to fine tune the pronation parameters and thereby create the runner specific pronation control.

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“…Similarly, increasing the thickness of the heel section of a running shoe has been demonstrated to reduce peak positive axial tibial acceleration and maximum loading rate of the vertical ground reaction force in human (Heidenfelder et al, 2010;TenBroek et al, 2013) and mechanical (Frederick et al, 1984) protocols. It is therefore apparent that manipulating midsole thickness and hardness can alter impact characteristics in both human test protocols and mechanical protocols which aim to replicate running.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The manipulation of midsole properties to alter impact characteristics in walking

2014

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Heel strike angle and foot angular velocity in the sagittal plane during running in different shoe conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Influence of rearfoot and forefoot midsole hardness on biomechanical and perception variables during heel-toe running

Influence of rearfoot and forefoot midsole hardness on biomechanical and perception variables during heel-toe running

Small changes in the varus alignment of running shoes allow gradual pronation control

The manipulation of midsole properties to alter impact characteristics in walking

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