Heerfordt-Waldenström Syndrome Manifesting as Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Mikulic, Sebastian; Patel, Pujan; Sheffield, Sandra; Kandah, Fadi; Velarde, Gladys

doi:10.7759/cureus.10619

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If only two of the three characteristic symptoms are present, it is called" incomplete Heerfordt's syndrome" (1.3%). Heerfordt's syndrome can be rarely associated with cranial nerve involvement, particularly affecting the trigeminal nerve [96] along with visceral involvement [97]. Sarcoid uveitis is associated with a favorable visual outcome, since most patients experience mild or no visual impairment [98,99].…”

Section: Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis

Sève

Pachéco

Durupt

et al. 2021

Cells

268

144

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Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs. It affects people of all ethnic backgrounds and occurs at any time of life but is more frequent in African Americans and Scandinavians and in adults between 30 and 50 years of age. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ with a frequency varying according to ethnicity, sex and age. Intrathoracic involvement occurs in 90% of patients with symmetrical bilateral hilar adenopathy and/or diffuse lung micronodules, mainly along the lymphatic structures which are the most affected system. Among extrapulmonary manifestations, skin lesions, uveitis, liver or splenic involvement, peripheral and abdominal lymphadenopathy and peripheral arthritis are the most frequent with a prevalence of 25–50%. Finally, cardiac and neurological manifestations which can be the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis, as can be bilateral parotitis, nasosinusal or laryngeal signs, hypercalcemia and renal dysfunction, affect less than 10% of patients. The diagnosis is not standardized but is based on three major criteria: a compatible clinical and/or radiological presentation, the histological evidence of non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissues and the exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Certain clinical features are considered to be highly specific of the disease (e.g., Löfgren’s syndrome, lupus pernio, Heerfordt’s syndrome) and do not require histological confirmation. New diagnostic guidelines were recently published. Specific clinical criteria have been developed for the diagnosis of cardiac, neurological and ocular sarcoidosis. This article focuses on the clinical presentation and the common differentials that need to be considered when appropriate.

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Section: Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis

Sève

Pachéco

Durupt

et al. 2021

Cells

268

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Patients may also present specific acute clinical symptoms of systemic sarcoidosis, known as Löfgren syndrome, which manifests with lymphadenopathy, fever, erythema nodosum, polyarticular arthritis, and occasionally uveitis and parotitis. Another less common sarcoidosis presentation is the Heerfordt syndrome, with symptoms including fever, parotid enlargement, facial palsy, and anterior uveitis [19,20].…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease: Radiological Findings and Differential Diagnosis

Lassandro,

Picchi,

Corvino

et al. 2024

JPM

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Granulomatous lung diseases (GLDs) are a heterogeneous group of pathological entities that can have different clinical presentations and outcomes. Granulomas are histologically defined as focal aggregations of activated macrophages, Langerhans cells, and lymphocytes, and may form in the lungs when the immune system cannot eliminate a foreign antigen and attempts to barricade it. The diagnosis includes clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and radiological imaging, which especially consists of high-resolution computed tomography. bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial needle aspiration or cryobiopsy, positron emission tomography, while genetic evaluation can improve the diagnostic accuracy. Differential diagnosis is challenging due to the numerous different imaging appearances with which GLDs may manifest. Indeed, GLDs include both infectious and noninfectious, and necrotizing and non-necrotizing granulomatous diseases and the imaging appearance of some GLDs may mimic malignancy, leading to confirmatory biopsy. The purposes of our review are to report the different noninfectious granulomatous entities and to show their various imaging features to help radiologists recognize them properly and make an accurate differential diagnosis.

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Heerfordt-Waldenström Syndrome Manifesting as Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis

Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis

Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease: Radiological Findings and Differential Diagnosis

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