Hegemony Studies 3.0: The Dynamics of Hegemonic Orders

Ikenberry, G. John; Nexon, Daniel H.

doi:10.1080/09636412.2019.1604981

Cited by 95 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, we need to be careful when we talk about “the liberal international order.” It is certainly possible to think in terms of an overarching “order of orders” that encompasses all of global politics. But, in practice, most of the discussion of “international liberal order” (and, indeed, “international order” more broadly) refers to more limited and specific patterns of relations and practices (Goddard, 2018; Ikenberry and Nexon, 2019; Koivisto and Dunne, 2010; Sorensen, 2011). For example, we see significant variation in international ordering across regions and between policy spaces.…”

Section: Liberal International Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

(No) Exit from liberalism?

Cooley

Nexon

2020

New Perspectives

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Post-Cold War expansion of liberal order rested on three legs: the implosion of major alternative ordering projects, the enjoyment by liberal democracies of a “patronage monopoly,” and the dominance of liberalizing transitional activist networks and movements. By 2019, all three of those legs have been turned upside down. China and Russia, among others, offer new ordering projects, countries enjoy “exit options” in the form of alternative patronage, and illiberal activist networks are in the ascendant. A closer look at the “why” and “how” makes clear that illiberal forces have appropriated and repurposed the toolkit used to expand liberal order, which suggests an apparent paradox. While some forms of liberal order—primarily on the political side—are in retreat, other forms of liberal order—especially in terms of institutional and multilateral arrangements—are being reinforced. We are, therefore, looking not at the end of liberal order, but at a third great transformation in it.

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Section: Liberal International Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

(No) Exit from liberalism?

Cooley

Nexon

2020

New Perspectives

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“…When the hegemon is in decline, the rising power attempts to change the international system in its favor. Therefore, the rising power faces direct conflict with the hegemon, ultimately leading to a hegemonic war (Gilpin 1981; for an overview of the hegemonic stability theory, its developments and criticism see Ikenberry and Nexon 2019).…”

Section: Trump's "Maximum Pressure" Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Pressure, Minimum Deal: President Trump’s Trade War with a Rising China*

Janusch¹,

Lorberg²

2020

S+F

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In the context of the American decline, President Trump’s trade war toward a rising China fits into the pattern of a declining hegemon, as predicted by hegemonic stability theory. Trump’s trade policy is driven by his view of trade as a zero-sum game, his fixation on the trade deficit, and his “maximum pressure” negotiation approach. The result - the “phase one” deal - seems to be a trade ceasefire rather than a lasting trade peace between the declining hegemon and its ascending challenger because it stands on a shaky foundation. This “phase one” deal does not address the structural problems in the US-Sino trade relation. Moreover, its goals are unrealistic, and it is built upon a dispute settlement that favors deal determination over rule-based conflict resolution.

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“…Therefore, an international order is never neutral, nor is it necessarily an entirely voluntary exercise on the part of all its members: a certain amount of co-optation and coercion, at times perhaps even domination is to be expected. The stance taken here is that when it comes to the question of order in international politics, norms, practices and institutions should be viewed as sites of contestation and struggle: in the final analysis, it is their content that reflects both the power and the ideas of those who are able to affect change in them (Wiener 2014 ; see also Ikenberry and Nexon 2019 ; Wivel and Paul 2019 ). In this reading, a choice between power and ideas is a false dichotomy: It is not either ideas or power but both that will be required to make sense of any given international order (Sørensen 2008 ).…”

Section: Power Order and (Non)polaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, it links European studies with IR debates concerning polarity and the ongoing change in the structure of international politics. It situates itself in the so-called third wave of hegemony studies (Ikenberry and Nexon 2019 ), but concentrates on examining the unravelling of western hegemony in Europe. Secondly, it seeks to conceptually expand our understanding of Great Powerhood by introducing the notion of ‘ordering agents’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpolar Europe? Examining the causes and drivers behind the decline of ordering agents in Europe

Haukkala

2020

Int Polit

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Is Europe headed towards nonpolarity? What would that entail for the future stability and security of the continent? Taking its cue from IR debates about the effects of polarity on international order, the article develops conceptual tools and an analytical narrative concerning Europe during the post-Cold War era. It refines the concept of a Great Power by suggesting the notion of ‘ordering agents’ and ponders whether Europe is in danger of drifting towards a period of nonpolarity with no power being able to shoulder the responsibility of ordering and providing good stewardship over Europe.

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Hegemony Studies 3.0: The Dynamics of Hegemonic Orders

Cited by 95 publications

References 18 publications

(No) Exit from liberalism?

(No) Exit from liberalism?

Maximum Pressure, Minimum Deal: President Trump’s Trade War with a Rising China*

Nonpolar Europe? Examining the causes and drivers behind the decline of ordering agents in Europe

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